How to format your references using the Philosophical Explorations citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Philosophical Explorations. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Mackman, Nigel. 2008. “Triggers, Targets and Treatments for Thrombosis.” Nature 451 (7181): 914–918.

A journal article with 2 authors

Dong, Ken C., and James M. Berger. 2007. “Structural Basis for Gate-DNA Recognition and Bending by Type IIA Topoisomerases.” Nature 450 (7173): 1201–1205.

A journal article with 3 authors

Suthram, Silpa, Taylor Sittler, and Trey Ideker. 2005. “The Plasmodium Protein Network Diverges from Those of Other Eukaryotes.” Nature 438 (7064): 108–112.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Villanueva-Gutiérrez, R., C. Echazarreta-González, D. W. Roubik, and Y. B. Moguel-Ordóñez. 2014. “Transgenic Soybean Pollen (Glycine Max L.) in Honey from the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico.” Scientific Reports 4 (February): 4022.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Bayés de Luna, Antoni. 2011. Clinical Arrhythmology. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell.

An edited book

Zeimpekis, Vasileios, George Kaimakamis, and Nicholas J. Daras, eds. 2015. Military Logistics: Research Advances and Future Trends. Vol. 56. Operations Research/Computer Science Interfaces Series. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Mariette, Jérôme, Madalina Olteanu, Julien Boelaert, and Nathalie Villa-Vialaneix. 2014. “Bagged Kernel SOM.” In Advances in Self-Organizing Maps and Learning Vector Quantization: Proceedings of the 10th International Workshop, WSOM 2014, Mittweida, Germany, July, 2-4, 2014, edited by Thomas Villmann, Frank-Michael Schleif, Marika Kaden, and Mandy Lange, 45–54. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Philosophical Explorations.

Blog post

Andrew, Elise. 2015. “Three Things We Have To Crack Before We Can Find Any Cures For Alzheimer’s.” IFLScience. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1987. [Comments on Senate’s Liability for Special Charges and Taxes Related to Telephone Service]. B-225123. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Perelygin, Kyrylo. 2012. “Developing Physics Simulations with OpenCL on a Graphics Processing Unit.” Doctoral dissertation, Long Beach, CA: California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Koblin, John. 2017. “Half a Million Viewers For ‘Twin Peaks’ Return.” New York Times, May 23.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Mackman 2008).
This sentence cites two references (Mackman 2008; Dong and Berger 2007).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Dong and Berger 2007)
Three authors: (Suthram, Sittler, and Ideker 2005)
4 or more authors: (Villanueva-Gutiérrez et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Philosophical Explorations
Abbreviation	Philos. Explor.
ISSN (print)	1386-9795
ISSN (online)	1741-5918
Scope	Philosophy