How to format your references using the Pharmacology and Therapeutics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Pharmacology and Therapeutics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Grangier, P. (2012). Physics. Room for just one photon. Science (New York, N.Y.), 336(6083), 812–813.

A journal article with 2 authors

Mears, C. A., & Wentz, F. J. (2005). The effect of diurnal correction on satellite-derived lower tropospheric temperature. Science (New York, N.Y.), 309(5740), 1548–1551.

A journal article with 3 authors

Gaucher, E. A., Govindarajan, S., & Ganesh, O. K. (2008). Palaeotemperature trend for Precambrian life inferred from resurrected proteins. Nature, 451(7179), 704–707.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Dutton, Z., Budde, M., Slowe, C., & Hau, L. V. (2001). Observation of quantum shock waves created with ultra- compressed slow light pulses in a Bose-Einstein condensate. Science (New York, N.Y.), 293(5530), 663–668.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Leung, M.-Y., Chan, I. Y. S., & Cooper, C. L. (2014). Stress Management in the Construction Industry. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Munné, A., Ginebreda, A., & Prat, N. (Eds.). (2016). Experiences from Surface Water Quality Monitoring: The EU Water Framework Directive Implementation in the Catalan River Basin District (Part I) (1st ed. 2016, Vol. 42). Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Henmi, K., & Hattori, M. (2016). Parallel Learning for Combined Knowledge Acquisition Model. In A. Hirose, S. Ozawa, K. Doya, K. Ikeda, M. Lee, & D. Liu (Eds.), Neural Information Processing: 23rd International Conference, ICONIP 2016, Kyoto, Japan, October 16–21, 2016, Proceedings, Part I (pp. 32–39). Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Pharmacology and Therapeutics.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2014, October 8). Doctors Pull Live Cricket Out Of Man’s Ear. IFLScience; IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/doctors-pull-live-cricket-out-mans-ear/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1991). Uncertainties Surrounding IRS’ Fiscal Year 1992 Budget Request for Tax System Modernization (T-IMTEC-91-4). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Wang, Y. (2012). Yield aggregation impacts on area-based insurance and commodity program [Doctoral dissertation]. Mississippi State University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Crow, K. (2002, January 27). Fight Heats Up Again Over Grassy Bed of Rails. New York Times, 146.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Grangier, 2012).
This sentence cites two references (Grangier, 2012; Mears & Wentz, 2005).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Mears & Wentz, 2005)
Three authors: (Gaucher et al., 2008)
6 or more authors: (Dutton et al., 2001)

About the journal

Full journal title	Pharmacology and Therapeutics
Abbreviation	Pharmacol. Ther.
ISSN (print)	0163-7258
Scope	Pharmacology (medical) Pharmacology