How to format your references using the Pharmacological Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Pharmacological Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

H.P. Huntington, Arctic science: The local perspective, Nature 478 (2011) 182–183.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

J. Gaudioso, R.M. Salerno, Science and government. Biosecurity and research: minimizing adverse impacts, Science 304 (2004) 687.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

K. Hashiyama, Y. Hayashi, S. Kobayashi, Drosophila Sex lethal gene initiates female development in germline progenitors, Science 333 (2011) 885–888.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

Z. Guo, Y. Man, X. Wang, H. Jin, X. Sun, X. Su, J. Hao, W. Mi, Levo-tetrahydropalmatine attenuates oxaliplatin-induced mechanical hyperalgesia in mice, Sci. Rep. 4 (2014) 3905.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

P.I. Good, Introduction to Statistics through Resampling Methods and Microsoft Office Excel ®, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2005.

An edited book

[1]

A. Bondeson, Computational Electromagnetics, Springer, New York, NY, 2005.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

J. Sarnowsky, Concepts of Impetus and the History of Mechanics, in: W.R. Laird, S. Roux (Eds.), Mechanics and Natural Philosophy Before the Scientific Revolution, Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, 2007: pp. 121–145.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Pharmacological Research.

Blog post

[1]

E. Andrew, New Analysis Reveals No Firm Conclusion On Whether Neonicotinoid Pesticides Harm Honeybee Populations, IFLScience (2015).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Airline Deregulation: Changes in Airfares and Service at Four South Carolina Communities, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1999.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

S. Berezin, Catechols as membrane anion transporters, Doctoral dissertation, University of Maryland, College Park, 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

K. Crow, Fireman’s Spirit Is the Wind Beneath a Bird’s Wings, New York Times (2001) 146.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Pharmacological Research
Abbreviation	Pharmacol. Res.
ISSN (print)	1043-6618
Scope	Pharmacology