How to format your references using the Pharmacognosy Journal citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Pharmacognosy Journal. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Chen IA. GE Prize-winning essay. The emergence of cells during the origin of life. Science. 2006;314(5805):1558-1559.

A journal article with 2 authors

Gorkin DU, Ren B. Genetics: Closing the distance on obesity culprits. Nature. 2014;507(7492):309-310.

A journal article with 3 authors

Zhang Y, Lu H, Bargmann CI. Pathogenic bacteria induce aversive olfactory learning in Caenorhabditis elegans. Nature. 2005;438(7065):179-184.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Barker N, Ridgway RA, van Es JH, et al. Crypt stem cells as the cells-of-origin of intestinal cancer. Nature. 2009;457(7229):608-611.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Gadd K. TRIZ for Engineers: Enabling Inventive Problem Solving. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2011.

An edited book

Bona C. Elements of Numerical Relativity and Relativistic Hydrodynamics: From Einstein’ s Equations to Astrophysical Simulations. Vol 783. (Palenzuela-Luque C, Bona-Casas C, eds.). Springer; 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

Park YK. Basic and Ancillary Techniques in Bone Pathology. In: Santini-Araujo E, Kalil RK, Bertoni F, Park YK, eds. Tumors and Tumor-Like Lesions of Bone: For Surgical Pathologists, Orthopedic Surgeons and Radiologists. Springer; 2015:73-83.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Pharmacognosy Journal.

Blog post

Andrew E. Chronic Pot Smoking Associated With Reduced Gray Matter, But Increased Connections. IFLScience. November 11, 2014. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/brain/chronic-pot-smoking-associated-brain-changes/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Urban Transportation: Challenges to Widespread Deployment of Intelligent Transportation Systems. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1997.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Pierre RR. A Phenomenological Study of the Boomerang-Employment Experience of Scientists and Engineers. Doctoral dissertation. George Washington University; 2019.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Gorman J. An Eye for Beauty. New York Times. May 29, 2017:D1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Pharmacognosy Journal
ISSN (print)	0975-3575
Scope	Drug Discovery Pharmacology