How to format your references using the PharmacoEconomics German Research Articles citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for PharmacoEconomics German Research Articles. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Heinrich CA. Geochemistry. How fast does gold trickle out of volcanoes? Science. 2006;314:263–4.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Rauch EM, Bar-Yam Y. Theory predicts the uneven distribution of genetic diversity within species. Nature. 2004;431:449–52.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Kielpinski D, Monroe C, Wineland DJ. Architecture for a large-scale ion-trap quantum computer. Nature. 2002;417:709–11.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Izumi Y, Xu L, di Tomaso E, Fukumura D, Jain RK. Tumour biology: herceptin acts as an anti-angiogenic cocktail. Nature. 2002;416:279–80.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Promislow SD. Fundamentals of Actuarial Mathematics. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2010.

An edited book

1. Kee Y, Lee SJ, Phillips R, editors. Social Factors and Community Well-Being. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Hartwig G. History and Applications of Nonmetallic Materials. In: Timmerhaus KD, Reed RP, editors. Cryogenic Engineering. New York, NY: Springer; 2007. p. 84–101.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for PharmacoEconomics German Research Articles.

Blog post

1. Davis J. Steps Made Towards New Zika Therapy That May Help Protect Unborn Children. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Management of the Community Action Against Addiction Program in Cleveland, Ohio. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1975 Jun. Report No.: MWD-75-92.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Tofthagen CS. Development and psychometric evaluation of the Chemotherapy Induced Peripheral Neuropathy Assessment Tool [Doctoral dissertation]. [Tampa, FL]: University of South Florida; 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Vecsey G. Days of a Dynasty Are Only a Memory For a Distinct Race. New York Times. 2011 Jun 12;SP7.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	PharmacoEconomics German Research Articles
ISSN (print)	1612-3727
ISSN (online)	1868-677X
Scope

Research and Writing Guides