How to format your references using the PharmacoEconomics German Research Articles citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for PharmacoEconomics German Research Articles. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. DeHaan RL. Science education. Teaching creative science thinking. Science. 2011;334:1499–500.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Knaden M, Hansson BS. Neuroscience. Specialized but flexible. Science. 2013;339:151–2.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Hayes D, Griffin GB, Engel GS. Response to Comment on “Engineering coherence among excited states in synthetic heterodimer systems.” Science. 2014;344:1099.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Koshino M, Tanaka T, Solin N, Suenaga K, Isobe H, Nakamura E. Imaging of single organic molecules in motion. Science. 2007;316:853.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Dods RF. Understanding Diabetes. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2013.

An edited book

1. Fernandes I, Ribeiro M dos A, Broekmans MATM, Sims I, editors. Petrographic Atlas: Characterisation of Aggregates Regarding Potential Reactivity to Alkalis: RILEM TC 219-ACS Recommended Guidance AAR-1.2, for Use with the RILEM AAR-1.1 Petrographic Examination Method. 1st ed. 2016. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Crabtree A, Rouncefield M, Tolmie P. Dispensing with Method. In: Rouncefield M, Tolmie P, editors. Doing Design Ethnography. London: Springer; 2012. p. 67–87.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for PharmacoEconomics German Research Articles.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. Mathematical Theory Explains Wrinkle Patterning [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/physics/mathematical-theory-explains-wrinkle-patterning/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. School Choice: Private School Choice Programs Are Growing and Can Complicate Providing Certain Federally Funded Services to Eligible Students. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2016 Aug. Report No.: GAO-16-712.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Steffan AL. An examination of the correlation between ninth grade mathematics grades and student performance on the mathematics portion of the California high school exit examination [Doctoral dissertation]. [Malibu, CA]: Pepperdine University; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Wilson M. Trump’s First Visit Home Will Not Be a Sleepover. New York Times. 2017 May 2;A13.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	PharmacoEconomics German Research Articles
ISSN (print)	1612-3727
ISSN (online)	1868-677X
Scope