How to format your references using the PharmacoEconomics German Research Articles citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for PharmacoEconomics German Research Articles. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Brinster RL. Germline stem cell transplantation and transgenesis. Science. 2002;296:2174–6.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Cheung KC, Gershenfeld N. Reversibly assembled cellular composite materials. Science. 2013;341:1219–21.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Smith MH, Ploegh HL, Weissman JS. Road to ruin: targeting proteins for degradation in the endoplasmic reticulum. Science. 2011;334:1086–90.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Jiang Z, Tamura M, Fukagawa M, Hough J, Lucas P, Suto H, et al. A circumstellar disk associated with a massive protostellar object. Nature. 2005;437:112–5.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Ansons AM, Davis H. Diagnosis and Management of Ocular Motility Disorders. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Science Ltd; 2008.

An edited book

1. Vauthier C, Ponchel G, editors. Polymer Nanoparticles for Nanomedicines: A Guide for their Design, Preparation and Development. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Tan Z, Li X, Mao W. Agent-Based Modeling of Netizen Groups in Chinese Internet Events. In: Chau M, Wang GA, Zheng X, Chen H, Zeng D, Mao W, editors. Intelligence and Security Informatics: Pacific Asia Workshop, PAISI 2011, Beijing, China, July 9, 2011 Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2011. p. 43–53.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for PharmacoEconomics German Research Articles.

Blog post

1. Davis J. Researchers Find That Prawns Could Help Protect Against Bilharzia [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/researchers-find-prawns-could-help-protect-against-bilharzia/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Polar Satellites: NOAA Faces Challenges and Uncertainties that Could Affect the Availability of Critical Weather Data. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2016 Jul. Report No.: GAO-16-773T.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Graber ME. Best practices in enhancement deals: Nonprofit and for profit theatrical collaborations [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Grynbaum MM, Koblin J. Liberals Tune In to TV Again, in Search of Communal Solace. New York Times. 2017 Mar 12;A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	PharmacoEconomics German Research Articles
ISSN (print)	1612-3727
ISSN (online)	1868-677X
Scope