How to format your references using the PharmacoEconomics German Research Articles citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for PharmacoEconomics German Research Articles. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Weissman J. Journal club. A biochemist looks at how DNA sequencing can reveal more than just sequences. Nature. 2009;461:1177.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Du L, Poovaiah BW. Ca2+/calmodulin is critical for brassinosteroid biosynthesis and plant growth. Nature. 2005;437:741–5.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Fox CG, Chadwick WW Jr, Embley RW. Direct observation of a submarine volcanic eruption from a sea-floor instrument caught in a lava flow. Nature. 2001;412:727–9.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Multani DS, Briggs SP, Chamberlin MA, Blakeslee JJ, Murphy AS, Johal GS. Loss of an MDR transporter in compact stalks of maize br2 and sorghum dw3 mutants. Science. 2003;302:81–4.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Zwecher MJ. Retirement Portfolios Workbook. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2010.

An edited book

1. Mullin GE, Cheskin LJ, Matarese LE, editors. Integrative Weight Management: A Guide for Clinicians. New York, NY: Springer; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Galatchi L-D, Tudor M. EUROPE AS A SOURCE OF POLLUTION – THE MAIN FACTOR FOR THE EUTROPHICATION OF THE DANUBE DELTA AND BLACK SEA. In: Simeonov L, Chirila E, editors. Chemicals as Intentional and Accidental Global Environmental Threats. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2006. p. 57–63.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for PharmacoEconomics German Research Articles.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. What Would Happen To Your Body In Space Without A Spacesuit? IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Response to the Department of Education’s Request to Reconsider the High-Risk Designation of Federal Student Aid Programs. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2003 Jun. Report No.: GAO-03-885R.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Crozier CF. A qualitative study of teacher job satisfaction in an evolutionary and mandated change environment [Doctoral dissertation]. [Phoenix, AZ]: University of Phoenix; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Pilon M. Inspiring Horse Honored. New York Times. 2012 Jan 14;D4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	PharmacoEconomics German Research Articles
ISSN (print)	1612-3727
ISSN (online)	1868-677X
Scope