How to format your references using the PharmacoEconomics German Research Articles citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for PharmacoEconomics German Research Articles. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Hu W. Ringing in the new cosmology. Nature. 2000;404:939–40.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Scanziani M, Häusser M. Electrophysiology in the age of light. Nature. 2009;461:930–9.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Bakshy E, Messing S, Adamic LA. Political science. Exposure to ideologically diverse news and opinion on Facebook. Science. 2015;348:1130–2.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Li W, Howard JD, Parrish TB, Gottfried JA. Aversive learning enhances perceptual and cortical discrimination of indiscriminable odor cues. Science. 2008;319:1842–5.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Vitetta GM, Taylor DP, Colavolpe G, Pancaldi F, Martin PA. Wireless Communications. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2013.

An edited book

1. Zhang JC. Theory and Practice of Soil Loss Control in Eastern China. DeAngelis DL, Zhuang JY, editors. New York, NY: Springer; 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Lemaire V, Salperwyck C, Bondu A. A Survey on Supervised Classification on Data Streams. In: Zimányi E, Kutsche R-D, editors. Business Intelligence: 4th European Summer School, eBISS 2014, Berlin, Germany, July 6-11, 2014, Tutorial Lectures. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015. p. 88–125.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for PharmacoEconomics German Research Articles.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. Genetic Link Between Autism And Better Cognitive Ability Found. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Observations on Software Centers. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1977 Sep. Report No.: 094677.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Salifu A. Names that prick: Royal praise names in Dagbon, northern Ghana [Doctoral dissertation]. [Bloomington, IN]: Indiana University; 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Crow K. UPPER WEST SIDE. New York Times. 2001 Aug 19;145.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	PharmacoEconomics German Research Articles
ISSN (print)	1612-3727
ISSN (online)	1868-677X
Scope