How to format your references using the PharmacoEconomics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for PharmacoEconomics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Feinberg AP. Phenotypic plasticity and the epigenetics of human disease. Nature. 2007;447:433–40.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Nechiporuk A, Raible DW. FGF-dependent mechanosensory organ patterning in zebrafish. Science. 2008;320:1774–7.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Royden LH, Burchfiel BC, van der Hilst RD. The geological evolution of the Tibetan Plateau. Science. 2008;321:1054–8.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Hart DO, Raha T, Lawson ND, Green MR. Initiation of zebrafish haematopoiesis by the TATA-box-binding protein-related factor Trf3. Nature. 2007;450:1082–5.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. German Geotechnical Society. Recommendations on Excavations EAB. D-69451 Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH; 2013.

An edited book

1. Rao G, editor. Optical Sensor Systems in Biotechnology. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Roberts J. Socrates, the Athenian. In: Anagnostopoulos G, Miller FD Jr, editors. Reason and Analysis in Ancient Greek Philosophy: Essays in Honor of David Keyt. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2013. p. 55–66.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for PharmacoEconomics.

Blog post

1. Davis J. Researchers Increase Efficiency Of Novel “Solar Fuel Cell” [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/technology/researchers-increase-efficiency-novel-solar-fuel-cell/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Airport Improvement Program: Planned Funding Under Letters of Intent. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1998 Dec. Report No.: RCED-99-33R.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Betito J-JH. Improving the well-being of Filipino homebound adults through religious involvement, education, and socialization: A grant proposal [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Wagner J. Nationals Take Lead, Then Hand It to Bullpen. New York Times. 2016 Oct 11;B9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	PharmacoEconomics
Abbreviation	Pharmacoeconomics
ISSN (print)	1170-7690
ISSN (online)	1179-2027
Scope	Health Policy Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health Pharmacology

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