How to format your references using the PharmacoEconomics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for PharmacoEconomics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Baker M. Tissue models: a living system on a chip. Nature. 2011;471:661–5.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Hsiao JC, Fong K. Making big money from small technology. Nature. 2004;428:218–20.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Pielke R Jr, Wigley T, Green C. Dangerous assumptions. Nature. 2008;452:531–2.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Cao Y, Wang C, Zhang X, Xing G, Lu K, Gu Y, et al. Selective small molecule compounds increase BMP-2 responsiveness by inhibiting Smurf1-mediated Smad1/5 degradation. Sci Rep. 2014;4:4965.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Tolinski M. Plastics and Sustainability. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2011.

An edited book

1. Weiss S, Ferrand N, editors. Phylogeography of Southern European Refugia: Evolutionary perspectives on the origins and conservation of European biodiversity. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2007.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Draszawka K, Szymański J, Guerra F. Improving css-KNN Classification Performance by Shifts in Training Data. In: Cardoso J, Guerra F, Houben G-J, Pinto AM, Velegrakis Y, editors. Semantic Keyword-based Search on Structured Data Sources: First COST Action IC1302 International KEYSTONE Conference, IKC 2015, Coimbra, Portugal, September 8-9, 2015 Revised Selected Papers. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015. p. 51–63.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for PharmacoEconomics.

Blog post

1. Fang J. Southern California Mite is the Fastest Animal on Earth. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Air Traffic Control Modernization: Status of the Current Program and Planning for the Next Generation Air Transportation System. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2006 Jun. Report No.: GAO-06-653T.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Amodeo GA. Structural and biochemical characterization of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae AMPK homolog SNF1 [Doctoral dissertation]. [New York, NY]: Columbia University; 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Branch J. A Gladiator’s Guidance. New York Times. 2016 Aug 14;D1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	PharmacoEconomics
Abbreviation	Pharmacoeconomics
ISSN (print)	1170-7690
ISSN (online)	1179-2027
Scope	Health Policy Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health Pharmacology