How to format your references using the PharmacoEconomics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for PharmacoEconomics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Frimmel HE. Geology. Genesis of the world’s largest gold deposits. Science. 2002;297:1815–7.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Ma J, Karaman I. Materials science. Expanding the repertoire of shape memory alloys. Science. 2010;327:1468–9.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Smith J, Theodoris C, Davidson EH. A gene regulatory network subcircuit drives a dynamic pattern of gene expression. Science. 2007;318:794–7.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Weinreich DM, Delaney NF, Depristo MA, Hartl DL. Darwinian evolution can follow only very few mutational paths to fitter proteins. Science. 2006;312:111–4.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Vento JJ. Financial Independence (Getting to Point X ). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2013.

An edited book

1. Cohen JA. Handbook of Multiple Sclerosis. Rae-Grant A, editor. Tarporley: Springer Healthcare Ltd.; 2010.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Bhat M, Pouliot M, Couture R, Vaucher E. The Kallikrein-Kinin System in Diabetic Retinopathy. In: Sharma JN, editor. Recent Developments in the Regulation of Kinins. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2014. p. 111–43.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for PharmacoEconomics.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. The Deadly Poison Lurking In A Frog The Size Of Your Fingernail [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/deadly-poison-lurking-frog-size-your-fingernail/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Administration of the Head Start Program by the Mountain Community Action Program, Inc. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1972 Aug. Report No.: B-164031(1).

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Avila B. Comparison of paternal and maternal involvement in a government funded home-based intervention program: A multivariate analysis of parent gender, child gender and age of the child [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Hodgman J. Bonus Advice From Judge John Hodgman. New York Times. 2017 Jan 27;MM24.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	PharmacoEconomics
Abbreviation	Pharmacoeconomics
ISSN (print)	1170-7690
ISSN (online)	1179-2027
Scope	Health Policy Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health Pharmacology