How to format your references using the PharmacoEconomics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for PharmacoEconomics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Inguscio M. Physics. How to freeze out collisions. Science. 2003;300:1671–3.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Nechiporuk A, Raible DW. FGF-dependent mechanosensory organ patterning in zebrafish. Science. 2008;320:1774–7.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Yin Q, Jacobsen SB, Yamashita K. Diverse supernova sources of pre-solar material inferred from molybdenum isotopes in meteorites. Nature. 2002;415:881–3.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Seisenberger G, Ried MU, Endress T, Büning H, Hallek M, Bräuchle C. Real-time single-molecule imaging of the infection pathway of an adeno-associated virus. Science. 2001;294:1929–32.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Hackshaw A. How to Write a Grant Application. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell; 2010.

An edited book

1. Hesselman C, Giannelli C, editors. Mobile Wireless Middleware, Operating Systems, and Applications - Workshops: Mobilware 2009 Workshops, Berlin, Germany, April 2009, Revised Selected Papers. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

1. O’Shea DJ. Access to Care. In: Loue S, editor. Mental Health Practitioner’s Guide to HIV/AIDS. New York, NY: Springer; 2013. p. 69–74.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for PharmacoEconomics.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. Depression Can Physically Alter Your DNA. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Federal Transit Administration: Progress and Challenges in Implementing and Evaluating the Job Access and Reverse Commute Program. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2009 May. Report No.: GAO-09-496.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Thom RC. Digital Martyrs and Shadowless Assailants: The Projective Shadow’s Emergence in Cyberspace [Doctoral dissertation]. [Carpinteria, CA]: Pacifica Graduate Institute; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Ortved J. Stylish Like a Fox, And Back in the City. New York Times. 2017 Oct 5;D3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	PharmacoEconomics
Abbreviation	Pharmacoeconomics
ISSN (print)	1170-7690
ISSN (online)	1179-2027
Scope	Health Policy Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health Pharmacology