How to format your references using the Pharmaceutical Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Pharmaceutical Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Lee JD. Engineering. Can technology get your eyes back on the road? Science. 2009;324:344–6.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Weber T, Deutsch C. Oceanic nitrogen reservoir regulated by plankton diversity and ocean circulation. Nature. 2012;489:419–22.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Houchmandzadeh B, Wieschaus E, Leibler S. Establishment of developmental precision and proportions in the early Drosophila embryo. Nature. 2002;415:798–802.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Du X, Wen J, Wang Y, Karmaus PWF, Khatamian A, Tan H, et al. Hippo/Mst signalling couples metabolic state and immune function of CD8α+ dendritic cells. Nature. 2018;558:141–5.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Ansons AM, Davis H. Diagnosis and Management of Ocular Motility Disorders. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Science Ltd; 2008.

An edited book

1. Gadea PM. Analysis and Algebra on Differentiable Manifolds: A Workbook for Students and Teachers. 2nd ed. 2013. Muñoz Masqué J, Mykytyuk IV, editors. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Cooney P, Marquez G. The Impact of the Global Economic Crisis on Brazil from 2008 to the Present. In: Santarcángelo JE, Justo O, Cooney P, editors. Latin America after the Financial Crisis: Economic Ramifications from Heterodox Perspectives. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan US; 2016. p. 59–86.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Pharmaceutical Research.

Blog post

1. Luntz S. These Insects Are All About That Bass [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/cross-species-mating-its-all-about-base/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Technology Transfer: Several Factors Have Led to a Decline in Partnerships at DOE’s Laboratories. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2002 Apr. Report No.: GAO-02-465.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Arnold JK. An Ecological Model for Health Policy Review: The Integration of New Institutional and Public Choice Theory for Public Policy Assessment [Doctoral dissertation]. [Scottsdale, AZ]: Northcentral University; 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Walsh MW, Cooper M. Illinois Pension Bonds to Test Investors’ Faith. New York Times. 2011 Feb 18;B1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Pharmaceutical Research
Abbreviation	Pharm. Res.
ISSN (print)	0724-8741
ISSN (online)	1573-904X
Scope	Biotechnology Molecular Medicine Organic Chemistry Pharmacology (medical) Pharmaceutical Science Pharmacology