How to format your references using the Pharmaceutical Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Pharmaceutical Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Shelton J. Scientists and the media must give a balanced view. Nature. 2011;479:7.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Moura AC de A, Lee PC. Capuchin stone tool use in Caatinga dry forest. Science. 2004;306:1909.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Lutz W, Kritzinger S, Skirbekk V. Population. The demography of growing European identity. Science. 2006;314:425.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Gan X, Stegle O, Behr J, Steffen JG, Drewe P, Hildebrand KL, et al. Multiple reference genomes and transcriptomes for Arabidopsis thaliana. Nature. 2011;477:419–23.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Bill Huitt WM. Bioprocessing Piping and Equipment Design. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2016.

An edited book

1. Brevini TAL. Pluripotency in Domestic Animal Cells. Gandolfi F, editor. New York, NY: Springer; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Braml J, Lauth H-J. The United States of America – a Deficient Democracy. In: Erdmann G, Kneuer M, editors. Regression of Democracy?: Zeitschrift für Vergleichende Politikwissenschaft Comparative Governance and Politics. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften; 2011. p. 103–32.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Pharmaceutical Medicine.

Blog post

1. Andrews R. Website Claims To Be Able To Reveal Your Torrenting History To Anyone. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2017.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Core Competencies in Financial Management for Information Technology Personnel Implementing Financial Systems in the Federal Government. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1998 May. Report No.: JFMIP-ET-98-2.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Gunderson CA. The Moderating Effect of Type of Target on the Relationship between Collective Rumination and Displaced Aggression [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Crow K. Teaching Tour Guides the Trivia Behind the Trivia. New York Times. 2001 Sep 2;144.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Pharmaceutical Medicine
Abbreviation	Pharmaceut. Med.
ISSN (print)	1178-2595
ISSN (online)	1179-1993
Scope	Pharmacology (medical) Pharmacology