How to format your references using the Pharmaceutical Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Pharmaceutical Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Blair HT. Neuroscience. Charting the islands of memory. Science. 2014;343:846–7.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Wang X, Ha T. Defining single molecular forces required to activate integrin and notch signaling. Science. 2013;340:991–4.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Chang P, Jacobson MK, Mitchison TJ. Poly(ADP-ribose) is required for spindle assembly and structure. Nature. 2004;432:645–9.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Cong W, Liu B, Liu S, Sun M, Liu H, Yang Y, et al. Implications of the Wnt5a/CaMKII pathway in retinoic acid-induced myogenic tongue abnormalities of developing mice. Sci Rep. 2014;4:6082.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Khanna VK. Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor IGBT Theory and Design. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2005.

An edited book

1. Chorianopoulos K, Divitini M, Baalsrud Hauge J, Jaccheri L, Malaka R, editors. Entertainment Computing - ICEC 2015: 14th International Conference, ICEC 2015, Trondheim, Norway, September 29 - Ocotober 2, 2015, Proceedings. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Stephens FO, Aigner KR. Symptoms of Cancer: Local and General. In: Aigner KR, editor. Basics of Oncology. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016. p. 47–52.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Pharmaceutical Medicine.

Blog post

1. Fang J. Beards: Too Hip For Their Own Good [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/beards-too-hip-their-own-good/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Highway Safety: Motorcycle Helmet Laws Save Lives and Reduce Costs to Society. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1991 Jul. Report No.: RCED-91-170.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Belflower KE. The relationship between demographic and employment variables of job satisfaction among emergency nurses [Doctoral dissertation]. [Phoenix, AZ]: University of Phoenix; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Eligon J. Violence in Milwaukee Was No Shock to Some. New York Times. 2016 Aug 15;A14.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Pharmaceutical Medicine
Abbreviation	Pharmaceut. Med.
ISSN (print)	1178-2595
ISSN (online)	1179-1993
Scope	Pharmacology (medical) Pharmacology