How to format your references using the Petroleum Science citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Petroleum Science. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Koenig R. IRANIAN SCIENCE: Iran’s Scientists Cautiously Reach Out to the World. Science. 2000 Nov 24;290(5496):1484–7.

A journal article with 2 authors

Benoist C, Mathis D. Mast cells in autoimmune disease. Nature. 2002;420(6917):875–8.

A journal article with 3 authors

Philips JA, Rubin EJ, Perrimon N. Drosophila RNAi screen reveals CD36 family member required for mycobacterial infection. Science. 2005 Aug 19;309(5738):1251–3.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Yao L, Wei T, Zeng A, Fan Y, Di Z. Ranking scientific publications: the effect of nonlinearity. Sci. Rep. 2014 Oct 17;4:6663.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Mainardi RL. Harnessing the Power of Continuous Auditing. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2011.

An edited book

Yoong LH. Model-Driven Design Using IEC 61499: A Synchronous Approach for Embedded and Automation Systems. Roop PS, Bhatti ZE, Kuo MMY, editors. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

Zhang B. A New Mobile P2P Network Node Selection Approach. In: Qu X, Yang Y, editors. Information and Business Intelligence: International Conference, IBI 2011, Chongqing, China, December 23-25, 2011. Proceedings, Part I. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2012. p. 20–5.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Petroleum Science.

Blog post

Hale T. Scientists Are Looking To Pay People $17,000 To Lay In Bed For 60 days [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2017 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/scientists-are-looking-to-pay-people-17000-to-lay-in-bed-for-60-days/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Highway Safety: Motorcycle Helmet Laws Save Lives and Reduce Costs to Society. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1991 Jul. Report No.: RCED-91-170.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Frederiksen MD. Engaging physicians to support corporate compliance programs: A grounded theory study [Doctoral dissertation]. [Phoenix, AZ]: University of Phoenix; 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Robbins L, Rodriguez NT. Gang Murders in the Suburbs. New York Times. 2017 Jul 12;MB1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Koenig 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Benoist and Mathis 2002; Koenig 2000).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Benoist and Mathis 2002)
Three or more authors: (Yao et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Petroleum Science
Abbreviation	Pet. Sci.
ISSN (print)	1672-5107
ISSN (online)	1995-8226
Scope	Economic Geology Geochemistry and Petrology Geology Geophysics Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology Energy Engineering and Power Technology Fuel Technology