How to format your references using the Petroleum Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Petroleum Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Simons, B.D., 2013. Development. Getting your gut into shape. Science 342, 203–204.

A journal article with 2 authors

Maselli, V., Trincardi, F., 2013. Man made deltas. Sci. Rep. 3, 1926.

A journal article with 3 authors

Sweeney, A., Jiggins, C., Johnsen, S., 2003. Insect communication: Polarized light as a butterfly mating signal. Nature 423, 31–32.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Stein, E., Zou, Y., Poo, M., Tessier-Lavigne, M., 2001. Binding of DCC by netrin-1 to mediate axon guidance independent of adenosine A2B receptor activation. Science 291, 1976–1982.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Barquinha, P., Martins, R., Pereira, L., Fortunato, E., 2012. Transparent Oxide Electronics. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK.

An edited book

Mahmood, Z. (Ed.), 2014. Cloud Computing: Challenges, Limitations and R&D Solutions, Computer Communications and Networks. Springer International Publishing, Cham.

A chapter in an edited book

Leggett, J., 2016. Supporting Critical Civic Learning with Interactive Technology, in: Schnee, E., Better, A., Clark Cummings, M. (Eds.), Civic Engagement Pedagogy in the Community College: Theory and Practice, Education, Equity, Economy. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp. 71–91.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Petroleum Research.

Blog post

Hale, T., 2016. Virgin Galactic Receives License To Fly Its New Spaceship [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/space/virgin-galactic-receives-license-to-fly-its-new-spaceship/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2012. Department of Homeland Security: Oversight and Coordination of Research and Development Should Be Strengthened (No. GAO-12-837). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Ghafoori, E., 2014. Wavelet transform and neural network (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hodara, S., 2015. Seven Museums, Each Offering a Deadly Sin. New York Times WE9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Simons, 2013).
This sentence cites two references (Maselli and Trincardi, 2013; Simons, 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Maselli and Trincardi, 2013)
Three or more authors: (Stein et al., 2001)

About the journal

Full journal title	Petroleum Research
ISSN (print)	2096-2495
Scope