How to format your references using the Perspectives: Policy and Practice in Higher Education citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Perspectives: Policy and Practice in Higher Education. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Henderson, Gideon M. 2005. “Ocean Science. Coral Clues to Rapid Sea-Level Change.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 308 (5720): 361–362.

A journal article with 2 authors

Mishima, Osamu, and Yoshiharu Suzuki. 2002. “Propagation of the Polyamorphic Transition of Ice and the Liquid-Liquid Critical Point.” Nature 419 (6907): 599–603.

A journal article with 3 authors

Cubrović, Mihailo, Jan Zaanen, and Koenraad Schalm. 2009. “String Theory, Quantum Phase Transitions, and the Emergent Fermi Liquid.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 325 (5939): 439–444.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Liu, Q., L. Wang, A. G. Frutos, A. E. Condon, R. M. Corn, and L. M. Smith. 2000. “DNA Computing on Surfaces.” Nature 403 (6766): 175–179.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Lau, Vincent K. N., and Yu-Kwong Ricky Kwok. 2006. Channel-Adaptive Technologies and Cross-Layer Designs for Wireless Systems with Multiple Antennas. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Tidona, Christian, and Gholamreza Darai, eds. 2011. The Springer Index of Viruses. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Gay, Hiram, and Surjeet Pohar. 2011. “Cancer of the Major Salivary Glands.” In Decision Making in Radiation Oncology, edited by Jiade J. Lu and Luther W. Brady, 105–131. Medical Radiology. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Perspectives: Policy and Practice in Higher Education.

Blog post

Andrew, Danielle. 2016. “A New Brain-Warp Technique That Helps To Reconstruct Fossil Brains.” IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/a-new-brainwarp-technique-that-helps-to-reconstruct-fossil-brains/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2004. Information Technology: Training Can Be Enhanced by Greater Use of Leading Practices. GAO-04-791. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Gonzales, Rachel Ann. 2010. “Health Care Team Effectiveness: The Relationship between Team Task Interdependence and Group Emotional Competence.” Doctoral dissertation, Phoenix, AZ: University of Phoenix.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Marx, Linda. 2014. “A Meeting That Couples Often Find Daunting.” New York Times, February 9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Henderson 2005).
This sentence cites two references (Henderson 2005; Mishima and Suzuki 2002).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Mishima and Suzuki 2002)
Three authors: (Cubrović, Zaanen, and Schalm 2009)
4 or more authors: (Liu et al. 2000)

About the journal

Full journal title	Perspectives: Policy and Practice in Higher Education
ISSN (print)	1360-3108
ISSN (online)	1460-7018
Scope	Education