How to format your references using the Perspectives: Policy and Practice in Higher Education citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Perspectives: Policy and Practice in Higher Education. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Glass, L. 2001. “Synchronization and Rhythmic Processes in Physiology.” Nature 410 (6825): 277–284.

A journal article with 2 authors

Domokos, Gábor, and István Scheuring. 2002. “Random Perturbations and Lattice Effects in Chaotic Population Dynamics.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 297 (5590): 2163; discussion 2163.

A journal article with 3 authors

Ginzberg, Miriam B., Ran Kafri, and Marc Kirschner. 2015. “Cell Biology. On Being the Right (Cell) Size.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 348 (6236): 1245075.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Prokhorenko, Valentyn I., Andrea M. Nagy, Stephen A. Waschuk, Leonid S. Brown, Robert R. Birge, and R. J. Dwayne Miller. 2006. “Coherent Control of Retinal Isomerization in Bacteriorhodopsin.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 313 (5791): 1257–1261.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Huddleston, Rob. 2010. Android® Fully Loaded. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley Publishing, Inc.

An edited book

Keinonen, Turkka, and Roope Takala, eds. 2006. Product Concept Design: A Review of the Conceptual Design of Products in Industry. London: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Pecci, Francesco, and Nicola Pontarollo. 2010. “The Application of Spatial Filtering Technique to the Economic Convergence of the European Regions between 1995 and 2007.” In Computational Science and Its Applications – ICCSA 2010: International Conference, Fukuoka, Japan, March 23-26, 2010, Proceedings, Part I, edited by David Taniar, Osvaldo Gervasi, Beniamino Murgante, Eric Pardede, and Bernady O. Apduhan, 46–61. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Perspectives: Policy and Practice in Higher Education.

Blog post

Davis, Josh. 2015. “Female Capuchin Picks Her Nose – Using a Stick.” IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/female-capuchins-pick-their-nose-using-stick/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1992. Contract Pricing: A Low Percentage of Contractors Are Responsible for Most Reported Defective Pricing. NSIAD-93-1. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Kelly, Lesly Ann. 2009. “Nursing Surveillance in the Acute Care Setting: Latent Variable Development and Analysis.” Doctoral dissertation, Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kanter, James. 2017. “Europe Moves to Collect Taxes From Tech Giants.” New York Times, October 4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Glass 2001).
This sentence cites two references (Glass 2001; Domokos and Scheuring 2002).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Domokos and Scheuring 2002)
Three authors: (Ginzberg, Kafri, and Kirschner 2015)
4 or more authors: (Prokhorenko et al. 2006)

About the journal

Full journal title	Perspectives: Policy and Practice in Higher Education
ISSN (print)	1360-3108
ISSN (online)	1460-7018
Scope	Education