How to format your references using the Perspectives: Policy and Practice in Higher Education citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Perspectives: Policy and Practice in Higher Education. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Rogers, C. S. 2000. “Confounding Factors in Coral Reef Recovery.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 289 (5478): 391b.

A journal article with 2 authors

Belkaid, Yasmine, and John Grainger. 2013. “Immunology. Mucus Coat, a Dress Code for Tolerance.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 342 (6157): 432–433.

A journal article with 3 authors

Finkel, Toren, Chu-Xia Deng, and Raul Mostoslavsky. 2009. “Recent Progress in the Biology and Physiology of Sirtuins.” Nature 460 (7255): 587–591.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Antoja, T., A. Helmi, M. Romero-Gómez, D. Katz, C. Babusiaux, R. Drimmel, D. W. Evans, et al. 2018. “A Dynamically Young and Perturbed Milky Way Disk.” Nature 561 (7723): 360–362.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Trout, Jack, and Steve Rivkin. 2008. Differentiate or Die. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Boccia, Francesco, and Robert Leonardi, eds. 2016. The Challenge of the Digital Economy: Markets, Taxation and Appropriate Economic Models. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

García-Colín, Leopoldo S., and Leonardo Dagdug. 2009. “Solution of the Integral Equations.” In The Kinetic Theory of a Dilute Ionized Plasma, edited by Leonardo Dagdug, 51–59. Springer Series on Atomic, Optical, and Plasma Physics. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Perspectives: Policy and Practice in Higher Education.

Blog post

Carpineti, Chris. 2017. “Check Out What Comes Crawling Out Of This Elephant.” IFLScience. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2004. Information Technology: FAA Has Many Investment Management Capabilities in Place, but More Oversight of Operational Systems Is Needed. GAO-04-822. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Danna, Russell J. 2014. “Learning-Assisted Market-Based Optimization for Truck Task Scheduling.” Doctoral dissertation, Lafayette, LA: University of Louisiana.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Whiteside, Kelly. 2016. “With City Passing By in a Blur, a Star Adds Yet Another Title.” New York Times, November 7.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Rogers 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Rogers 2000; Belkaid and Grainger 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Belkaid and Grainger 2013)
Three authors: (Finkel, Deng, and Mostoslavsky 2009)
4 or more authors: (Antoja et al. 2018)

About the journal

Full journal title	Perspectives: Policy and Practice in Higher Education
ISSN (print)	1360-3108
ISSN (online)	1460-7018
Scope	Education