How to format your references using the Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Lang, R.F., 2010. Astronomy. Fishing for the universe. Science 327, 1582–1583.

A journal article with 2 authors

Yang, X., Lu, X., 2014. Drastic change in China’s lakes and reservoirs over the past decades. Sci. Rep. 4, 6041.

A journal article with 3 authors

Khudiyev, T., Dogan, T., Bayindir, M., 2014. Biomimicry of multifunctional nanostructures in the neck feathers of mallard (Anas platyrhynchos L.) drakes. Sci. Rep. 4, 4718.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Whiten, A., McGrew, W.C., Aiello, L.C., Boesch, C., Boyd, R., Byrne, R.W., Dunbar, R.I.M., Matsuzawa, T., Silk, J.B., Tomasello, M., van Schaik, C.P., Wrangham, R., 2010. Studying extant species to model our past. Science 327, 410; author reply 410-1.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hampel, F.R., Ronchetti, E.M., Rousseeuw, P.J., Stahel, W.A., 2005. Robust Statistics. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Pop, V., 2008. Battery Management Systems: Accurate State-of-Charge Indication for Battery-Powered Applications, Philips Research Book Series. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht.

A chapter in an edited book

Mostafa, H., Kumar, A., Lau, H.C., 2016. Simultaneous Optimization and Sampling of Agent Trajectories over a Network, in: Osman, N., Sierra, C. (Eds.), Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems: AAMAS 2016 Workshops, Visionary Papers, Singapore, Singapore, May 9-10, 2016, Revised Selected Papers, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp. 50–66.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation.

Blog post

Taub, B., 2016. Meatier Than A Meteor: Bakers Send Pie Into Space [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/space/meatier-than-meteor-bakers-send-pie-into-space/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1988. Civilian Agencies’ Management and Use of Aircraft (No. T-GGD-88-15). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Paredes, J., 2017. Critical Support for Central American Newcomer Youth and Schooling in One Southern California High School (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Greenhouse, L., 2006. Justices, 5-3, Broadly Reject Bush Plan to Try Detainees. New York Times A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Lang, 2010).
This sentence cites two references (Lang, 2010; Yang and Lu, 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Yang and Lu, 2014)
Three or more authors: (Whiten et al., 2010)

About the journal

Full journal title	Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation
Abbreviation	Perspect. Ecol. Conserv.
ISSN (print)	2530-0644
Scope