How to format your references using the Personal and Ubiquitous Computing citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Personal and Ubiquitous Computing. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Bowles S (2012) Warriors, levelers, and the role of conflict in human social evolution. Science 336:876–879

A journal article with 2 authors

Qian H, Ricklefs RE (2000) Large-scale processes and the Asian bias in species diversity of temperate plants. Nature 407:180–182

A journal article with 3 authors

Wang Z, Yu H, Su H (2013) The transport properties of oxygen vacancy-related polaron-like bound state in HfOx. Sci Rep 3:3246

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Benenson Y, Gil B, Ben-Dor U, et al (2004) An autonomous molecular computer for logical control of gene expression. Nature 429:423–429

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Prager FH, Rosteck H (2006) Polyurethane and Fire. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, FRG

An edited book

Chan CC (2016) Problem Gambling in Hong Kong and Macao: Etiology, Prevalence and Treatment. Springer, Singapore

A chapter in an edited book

Mohammadi A, Akl SG (2007) Number of Processors with Partitioning Strategy and EDF-Schedulability Test: Upper and Lower Bounds with Comparison. In: Stojmenovic I, Thulasiram RK, Yang LT, et al (eds) Parallel and Distributed Processing and Applications: 5th International Symposium, ISPA 2007 Niagara Falls, Canada, August 29-31, 2007 Proceedings. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 20–31

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Personal and Ubiquitous Computing.

Blog post

Fang J (2014) Scientists Have Simulated Time Travel With Photons. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1990) Air Traffic Control: Ineffective Management Plagues $1.7-Billion Radar Program. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Cai S (2008) 3D Numerical Modeling of Dry/Wet Contact Mechanics for Rough, Multilayered Elastic-Plastic Solid Surfaces and Effects of Hydrophilicity/Hydrophobicity During Separation with Applications. Doctoral dissertation, Ohio State University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Billard M (2010) The Seasonal Mix: Camel, Fur and Leather. New York Times E6

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Personal and Ubiquitous Computing
Abbreviation	Pers. Ubiquitous Comput.
ISSN (print)	1617-4909
ISSN (online)	1617-4917
Scope	Computer Science Applications Hardware and Architecture Management Science and Operations Research