How to format your references using the Perioperative Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Perioperative Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Wickelgren I. Neuroscience. Monkey see, monkey think about doing. Science. 2004 Jul 9;305(5681):162–3.

A journal article with 2 authors

Wang L, Anderson DJ. Identification of an aggression-promoting pheromone and its receptor neurons in Drosophila. Nature. 2010 Jan 14;463(7278):227–31.

A journal article with 3 authors

Foley SF, Buhre S, Jacob DE. Evolution of the Archaean crust by delamination and shallow subduction. Nature. 2003 Jan 16;421(6920):249–52.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Sinclair D, Fillman SG, Webster MJ, Weickert CS. Dysregulation of glucocorticoid receptor co-factors FKBP5, BAG1 and PTGES3 in prefrontal cortex in psychotic illness. Sci. Rep. 2013 Dec 18;3:3539.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Reiman J. As Free and as Just as Possible. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell; 2012.

An edited book

Tambouris E, Macintosh A, Sæbø Ø, editors. Electronic Participation: 4th IFIP WG 8.5 International Conference, ePart 2012, Kristiansand, Norway, September 3-5, 2012. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

Ma Y, Dhawan V, Freed C, Fahn S, Eidelberg D. Positron Emission Tomography and Embryonic Dopamine Cell Transplantation in Parkinson’s Disease. In: Broderick PA, Rahni DN, Kolodny EH, editors. Bioimaging in Neurodegeneration. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press; 2005. p. 45–57.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Perioperative Medicine.

Blog post

Andrew E. Where Have The Stars Gone? IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Physical Infrastructure: Challenges and Investment Options for the Nation’s Infrastructure. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2008 May. Report No.: GAO-08-763T.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Moble B. Fundamental understanding of the cycloidal-rotor concept for micro air vehicle applications [Doctoral dissertation]. [College Park, MD]: University of Maryland, College Park; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Wagner J. Strasburg Stifles the Cubs and Makes the Nationals Feel a Lot Better. New York Times. 2017 Oct 12;B12.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Wickelgren 2004).
This sentence cites two references (Wang and Anderson 2010; Wickelgren 2004).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Wang and Anderson 2010)
Three or more authors: (Sinclair et al. 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Perioperative Medicine
Abbreviation	Perioper. Med. (Lond.)
ISSN (online)	2047-0525
Scope