How to format your references using the Perioperative Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Perioperative Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Brody H. Hepatitis C. Nature. 2011 Jun 8;474(7350):S1.

A journal article with 2 authors

Dioumaev VK, Bullock RM. A recyclable catalyst that precipitates at the end of the reaction. Nature. 2003 Jul 31;424(6948):530–2.

A journal article with 3 authors

Doniger DD, Herzog AV, Lashof DA. Climate change. An ambitious, centrist approach to global warming legislation. Science. 2006 Nov 3;314(5800):764–5.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Edwards SL, Brough R, Lord CJ, Natrajan R, Vatcheva R, Levine DA, et al. Resistance to therapy caused by intragenic deletion in BRCA2. Nature. 2008 Feb 28;451(7182):1111–5.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Trimble MR, George MS. Biological Psychiatry. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2010.

An edited book

Sabath F, Mokole EL, editors. Ultra-Wideband, Short-Pulse Electromagnetics 10. New York, NY: Springer; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

Jiang Q, Wen Z. Thermodynamics of Phase Transitions. In: Wen Z, editor. Thermodynamics of Materials. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2011. p. 157–206.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Perioperative Medicine.

Blog post

Hale T. Orcas Documented Hunting Rare Beaked Whales For The First Time Ever. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Annual Index: Reports Issued in FY 1988. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1988 Nov. Report No.: 137743.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Grayson N. Development of a preliminary scale of counterproductive experiences in supervision: Attitudes of clinical psychology doctoral students [Doctoral dissertation]. [Malibu, CA]: Pepperdine University; 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Poniewozik J. Reviving a Snow Globe Town and Its Comfortable Nostalgia. New York Times. 2016 Nov 23;C1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Brody 2011).
This sentence cites two references (Brody 2011; Dioumaev and Bullock 2003).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Dioumaev and Bullock 2003)
Three or more authors: (Edwards et al. 2008)

About the journal

Full journal title	Perioperative Medicine
Abbreviation	Perioper. Med. (Lond.)
ISSN (online)	2047-0525
Scope