How to format your references using the Pediatrics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Pediatrics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Barrow JD. Einstein as icon. Nature. 2005;433(7023):218-219.

A journal article with 2 authors

Hitz MP, Andelfinger G. Cardiology: Race for healthy hearts. Nature. 2015;520(7546):160-161.

A journal article with 3 authors

Weaver JC, Vaughan TE, Astumian RD. Biological sensing of small field differences by magnetically sensitive chemical reactions. Nature. 2000;405(6787):707-709.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Feng M, McPhaden MJ, Xie SP, Hafner J. La Niña forces unprecedented Leeuwin Current warming in 2011. Sci Rep. 2013;3:1277.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Fjeld RA, Eisenberg NA, Compton KL. Quantitative Environmental Risk Analysis for Human Health. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2007.

An edited book

Naber D. Current Schizophrenia. 3rd ed. 2013. (Lambert M, ed.). Springer Healthcare UK; 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

Galtung J, Fischer D. Conflict Transformation by Peaceful Means (The Transcend Method). In: Fischer D, ed. Johan Galtung: Pioneer of Peace Research. SpringerBriefs on Pioneers in Science and Practice. Springer; 2013:59-69.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Pediatrics.

Blog post

Andrew E. First Ever Private Launch Site for Orbital Rockets Could be in New Zealand. IFLScience. July 9, 2015. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/space/first-private-launch-site-orbital-rockets-will-be-new-zealand/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Mass Transit: FTA’s New Starts Commitments for Fiscal Year 2003. U.S. Government Printing Office; 2002.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Lowden MR. Genesis of End-to-End Chromosome Fusions. Doctoral dissertation. University of North Carolina; 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Walsh MW. S.E.C. Suggests Reforms Of Municipal Bond Market. New York Times. August 1, 2012:B1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Pediatrics
Abbreviation	Pediatrics
ISSN (print)	0031-4005
ISSN (online)	1098-4275
Scope	Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health