How to format your references using the Pediatric Practice and Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Pediatric Practice and Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Bernardini E. Astronomy. Astronomy in the time domain. Science 2011;331(6018):686–687.

A journal article with 2 authors

Jellinek AM, Manga M. The influence of a chemical boundary layer on the fixity, spacing and lifetime of mantle plumes. Nature 2002;418(6899):760–763.

A journal article with 3 authors

Hollenstein K, Frei DC, Locher KP. Structure of an ABC transporter in complex with its binding protein. Nature 2007;446(7132):213–216.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Geim AK, Dubonos SV, Grigorieva IV IV et al. Non-quantized penetration of magnetic field in the vortex state of superconductors. Nature 2000;407(6800):55–57.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Duffy DJ. Introduction to C++ for Financial Engineers. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd; 2006.

An edited book

Purcell R, Randall R, eds. 21st Century Perspectives on Music, Technology, and Culture: Listening Spaces. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

Volkov M, Cornejo A, Lynch N, Rus D. Environment Characterization for Non-recontaminating Frontier-Based Robotic Exploration. In: Kinny D, Hsu JY-J, Governatori G, Ghose AK, eds. Agents in Principle, Agents in Practice: 14th International Conference, PRIMA 2011, Wollongong, Australia, November 16-18, 2011. Proceedings. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2011:19–35.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Pediatric Practice and Research.

Blog post

Andrews R. This Incredible 50-Million-Year-Old Amber Shows The Moment An Insect Literally Jumped Out Of Its Skin. IFLScience 2016. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/this-incredible-50millionyearold-amber-shows-the-moment-an-insect-literally-jumped-out-of-its-skin/. Accessed October 30, 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. ADP Systems: FDA Can Reduce Development Risks for Its Import Information System. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1988.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

McCain AK. Influence of market setting and time of purchase on counts of aerobic bacteria, Escherichia coli, and coliform and prevalence of Salmonella and Listeria in beef, pork, and chicken in Vietnam. 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Feeney K. More Than Just a Deli. New York Times. August 22, 2010:NJ11.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1,2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	Pediatric Practice and Research
ISSN (print)	2147-6470
Scope