How to format your references using the Pediatric Practice and Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Pediatric Practice and Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Bargmann CI. Comparative chemosensation from receptors to ecology. Nature 2006;444(7117):295–301.

A journal article with 2 authors

Junge W, Rutherford AW. Obituary: Horst Tobias Witt (1922-2007). Nature 2007;448(7152):425.

A journal article with 3 authors

Bence NF, Sampat RM, Kopito RR. Impairment of the ubiquitin-proteasome system by protein aggregation. Science 2001;292(5521):1552–1555.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Nicewarner-Pena SR, Freeman RG, Reiss BD et al. Submicrometer metallic barcodes. Science 2001;294(5540):137–141.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hickey R. A Dictionary of Varieties of English. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons; 2013.

An edited book

Garcke J, Griebel M, eds. Sparse Grids and Applications. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

Safa M, Watts M. Energy Inputs In Pest Control Using Pesticides In New Zealand. In: Pimentel D, Peshin R, eds. Integrated Pest Management: Pesticide Problems, Vol.3. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2014:99–126.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Pediatric Practice and Research.

Blog post

Davis J. Tens Of Thousands Of Fish Die In Yellowstone River, Prompting Authorities To Close It Down. IFLScience 2016. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/tens-of-thousands-of-fish-die-in-yellowstone-river-prompting-authorities-to-close-it-down/. Accessed October 30, 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Federal Research: Assessment of Small Business Innovation Research Programs. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1989.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Valenzuela MA. Pitties for the Kiddies: An Animal-Assisted Therapy Program. 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Greenhouse L. Case of the Dwindling Docket Mystifies the Supreme Court. New York Times. December 7, 2006:A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1,2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	Pediatric Practice and Research
ISSN (print)	2147-6470
Scope