How to format your references using the Pediatric Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Pediatric Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonology (PED). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Goldston D. America’s new leadership. Nature 2008;456(7218):16.

A journal article with 2 authors

Ma J, Karaman I. Materials science. Expanding the repertoire of shape memory alloys. Science 2010;327(5972):1468–1469.

A journal article with 3 authors

Cohen J, Rau A, Brüning K. Climate change. Bridging the Montreal-Kyoto gap. Science 2009;326(5955):940–941.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Harris RG, Herzog EL, Bruscia EM, et al. Lack of a fusion requirement for development of bone marrow-derived epithelia. Science 2004;305(5680):90–93.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Pompian MM. Advising Ultra-Affluent Clients and Family Offices. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: Hoboken, NJ; 2009.

An edited book

Italiano GF, Margaria-Steffen T, Pokorný J, et al., (eds). SOFSEM 2015: Theory and Practice of Computer Science: 41st International Conference on Current Trends in Theory and Practice of Computer Science, Pec Pod Sněžkou, Czech Republic, January 24-29, 2015. Proceedings. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

Kaski P, Östergård PRJ. Auxiliary Algorithms. In: Classification Algorithms for Codes and Designs. (Östergård PRJ. ed). Algorithms and Computation in Mathematics Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg; 2006; pp. 145–173.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Pediatric Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonology.

Blog post

Fang J. Light Pollution Shuts Down the Anti-Bat Defenses of Moths. IFLScience; 2015. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/light-pollution-shuts-down-anti-bat-defenses-moths/ [Last accessed: 10/30/2018].

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Social Security Administration: Risks Associated With Information Technology Investment Continue. U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC; 1994.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Gomez S. Support Group for Caregivers Coping with Their Child Diagnosed with Autism: A Grant Proposal. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach: Long Beach, CA; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Perlstein L. The Transformer. New York Times 2008;BR19.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Pediatric Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonology
ISSN (print)	2151-321X
ISSN (online)	2151-3228
Scope