How to format your references using the Pattern Recognition citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Pattern Recognition. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

W.P. Kloosterman, GENETICS. Making heads or tails of shattered chromosomes, Science 348 (2015) 1205–1206.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

M.D. Purugganan, D.Q. Fuller, The nature of selection during plant domestication, Nature 457 (2009) 843–848.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

A. Pack, J.M.G. Shelley, H. Palme, Chondrules with peculiar REE patterns: implications for solar nebular condensation at high C/O, Science 303 (2004) 997–1000.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

I. Haferkamp, S. Schmitz-Esser, N. Linka, C. Urbany, A. Collingro, M. Wagner, M. Horn, H.E. Neuhaus, A candidate NAD+ transporter in an intracellular bacterial symbiont related to Chlamydiae, Nature 432 (2004) 622–625.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

K. Bhaskar, T.K. Varadan Retd., Plates, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK, 2014.

An edited book

[1]

N. Law, Educational Innovations Beyond Technology: Nurturing Leadership and Establishing Learning Organizations, Springer US, Boston, MA, 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

A. Klisnick, A. Le Marec, L. Meng, O. Larroche, O. Guilbaud, M. Kozlova, J. Nejdl, A. Calisti, Spectral Properties of Collisional Xuv Lasers for the Amplification of Femtosecond Pulses, in: J. Rocca, C. Menoni, M. Marconi (Eds.), X-Ray Lasers 2014: Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on X-Ray Lasers, Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2016: pp. 45–52.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Pattern Recognition.

Blog post

[1]

E. Andrew, Snowball Earth: New Study Shows Antarctic Climate Even Gripped The Tropics, IFLScience (2015). https://www.iflscience.com/environment/snowball-earth-new-study-shows-antarctic-climate-even-gripped-tropics/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Immigrant Education: Federal Funding Has Not Kept Pace With Student Increases, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1994.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

C.U. Felarca, A burning problem: Skin protection practices among college nursing students and non-nursing college students, Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

K. Conklin, Honest Work, Honest Pay, New York Times (2005) 14NJ15.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Pattern Recognition
Abbreviation	Pattern Recognit.
ISSN (print)	0031-3203
Scope	Artificial Intelligence Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Signal Processing Software