How to format your references using the Patient Safety in Surgery citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Patient Safety in Surgery. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Westerterp KR. Pattern and intensity of physical activity. Nature. 2001;410:539.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Brodsky EE, Lay T. Geophysics. Recognizing foreshocks from the 1 April 2014 Chile earthquake. Science. 2014;344:700–2.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Fisher RJ, Pevsner J, Burgoyne RD. Control of fusion pore dynamics during exocytosis by Munc18. Science. 2001;291:875–8.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Jinich A, Rappoport D, Dunn I, Sanchez-Lengeling B, Olivares-Amaya R, Noor E, et al. Quantum chemical approach to estimating the thermodynamics of metabolic reactions. Sci Rep. 2014;4:7022.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Rushton A. VHDL for Logic Synthesis. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2011.

An edited book

1. Braubach L, Hoek W van der, Petta P, Pokahr A, editors. Multiagent System Technologies: 7th German Conference, MATES 2009, Hamburg, Germany, September 9-11, 2009. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Danese M, Lazzari M, Murgante B. Integrated Geological, Geomorphological and Geostatistical Analysis to Study Macroseismic Effects of 1980 Irpinian Earthquake in Urban Areas (Southern Italy). In: Gervasi O, Taniar D, Murgante B, Laganà A, Mun Y, Gavrilova ML, editors. Computational Science and Its Applications – ICCSA 2009: International Conference, Seoul, Korea, June 29-July 2, 2009, Proceedings, Part I. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2009. p. 50–65.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Patient Safety in Surgery.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. Millions Of Baby Spiders Rain Down From The Sky In Australia [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/million-baby-spiders-rain-down-sky-australia/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Telecommunications: Uneven Implementation of Wireless Enhanced 911 Raises Prospect of Piecemeal Availability for Years to Come. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2003 Nov. Report No.: GAO-04-55.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Scuderi NF. Servant leadership and transformational leadership in church organizations [Doctoral dissertation]. [Washington, DC]: George Washington University; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. (nyt) SK. World Briefing | Europe: Ukraine: Bribery Case Against Acting Premier Is Dropped. New York Times. 2005 Jan 29;A8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Patient Safety in Surgery
Abbreviation	Patient Saf. Surg.
ISSN (online)	1754-9493
Scope	Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Surgery

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