How to format your references using the Pathophysiology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Pathophysiology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

J.A. Burns, Solar system: Ring in the new, Nature. 508 (2014) 48–49.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

D.H. Arnold, A. Johnston, Motion-induced spatial conflict, Nature. 425 (2003) 181–184.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

D. Vokrouhlický, D. Nesvorný, W.F. Bottke, The vector alignments of asteroid spins by thermal torques, Nature. 425 (2003) 147–151.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

O. Krause, S.M. Birkmann, G.H. Rieke, D. Lemke, U. Klaas, D.C. Hines, K.D. Gordon, No cold dust within the supernova remnant Cassiopeia A, Nature. 432 (2004) 596–598.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

W. Godwin, International Construction Contracts, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Oxford, 2013.

An edited book

[1]

M.A. Sharaf, M.A. Cheema, J. Qi, eds., Databases Theory and Applications: 26th Australasian Database Conference, ADC 2015, Melbourne, VIC, Australia, June 4-7, 2015. Proceedings, Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

J. Broersen, A Complete STIT Logic for Knowledge and Action, and Some of Its Applications, in: M. Baldoni, T.C. Son, M.B. van Riemsdijk, M. Winikoff (Eds.), Declarative Agent Languages and Technologies VI: 6th International Workshop, DALT 2008, Estoril, Portugal, May 12, 2008, Revised Selected and Invited Papers, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2009: pp. 47–59.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Pathophysiology.

Blog post

[1]

J. Fang, When Birds Lost Their Teeth, IFLScience. (2014). https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/when-birds-lost-their-teeth/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Partial Report-in-Depth Investigation Into Independent Research and Development and Bid and Proposal Programs, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1974.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

R.A. Marquez, Examining coping skills used to deal with daily stressors of law enforcement, Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

G.G. Gustines, Adventures in Comics and the Real World, New York Times. (2017) C1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Pathophysiology
Abbreviation	Pathophysiology
ISSN (print)	0928-4680
Scope	Pathology and Forensic Medicine Physiology (medical)