How to format your references using the Pathogens and Disease citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Pathogens and Disease. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Oullier O. Clear up this fuzzy thinking on brain scans. Nature 2012;483:7.

A journal article with 2 authors

Reisz RR, Sues HD. The “feathers” of Longisquama. Nature 2000;408:428.

A journal article with 3 authors

Gestwicki JE, Crabtree GR, Graef IA. Harnessing chaperones to generate small-molecule inhibitors of amyloid beta aggregation. Science 2004;306:865–9.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Sato Y, Iketani M, Kurihara Y et al. Cartilage acidic protein-1B (LOTUS), an endogenous Nogo receptor antagonist for axon tract formation. Science 2011;333:769–73.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Sehgal V. Supply Chain as Strategic Asset. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011.

An edited book

Satapathy SC, Avadhani PS, Udgata SK et al. eds. ICT and Critical Infrastructure: Proceedings of the 48th Annual Convention of Computer Society of India- Vol I: Hosted by CSI Vishakapatnam Chapter. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

Ancey V, Fréguin-Gresh S. Families, Labor and Farms. In: Sourisseau J-M (ed.). Family Farming and the Worlds to Come. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2015, 57–69.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Pathogens and Disease.

Blog post

Hale T. Microsoft Applicant Shares Crazy Hard Interview Question That Left Him Stumped. IFLScience 2016.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Early Childhood Education: What Are the Costs of High-Quality Programs? Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1990.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Bebianno Simoes M. Work and social activism in the life stories of Latina domestic workers. 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Barron J. Le Train Bleu Is Departing Bloomingdale’s. A Rail Buff Sees It Off. New York Times. December 18, 2016:A19.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Oullier 2012).
This sentence cites two references (Reisz and Sues 2000; Oullier 2012).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Reisz and Sues 2000)
Three authors: (Gestwicki, Crabtree and Graef 2004)
4 or more authors: (Sato et al. 2011)

About the journal

Full journal title	Pathogens and Disease
Abbreviation	Pathog. Dis.
ISSN (online)	2049-632X
Scope	General Immunology and Microbiology General Medicine Immunology and Allergy Infectious Diseases Microbiology (medical)

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