How to format your references using the Pathogens and Disease citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Pathogens and Disease. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

McCabe H. Galileo set for suicide flight. Nature 2000;406:8.

A journal article with 2 authors

Engel MS, Grimaldi DA. New light shed on the oldest insect. Nature 2004;427:627–30.

A journal article with 3 authors

Fortin PD, Walsh CT, Magarvey NA. A transglutaminase homologue as a condensation catalyst in antibiotic assembly lines. Nature 2007;448:824–7.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Seo M, Hong C, Lee S-Y et al. Multi-valued logic gates based on ballistic transport in quantum point contacts. Sci Rep 2014;4:3806.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Lloret J, Shulman G, Love RM. Condition and Health Indicators of Exploited Marine Fishes. Oxford: John Wiley & Sons, 2013.

An edited book

Hodler J, Schulthess GK von, Kubik-Huch RA et al. eds. Diseases of the Abdomen and Pelvis 2014–2017: Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Techniques. Milano: Springer, 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

Kamaloni SM. What Are You Doing Here? The Politics of Race and Belonging at the Airport. In: Randell-Moon H, Tippet R (eds.). Security, Race, Biopower: Essays on Technology and Corporeality. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016, 61–78.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Pathogens and Disease.

Blog post

Andrew E. The US-Russian Space Station Mission Is A Study In Cooperation. IFLScience 2015.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Transportation Worker Identification Credential: Card Reader Pilot Results Are Unreliable; Security Benefits Need to Be Reassessed. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2013.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Jennings S. Hiring, promotions, and identity negotiation of female hiring agents in American corporate retail. 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Paulson M, Deb S. How Outrage Built Over a Shakespearean Depiction of Trump. New York Times. June 13, 2017:A24.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (McCabe 2000).
This sentence cites two references (McCabe 2000; Engel and Grimaldi 2004).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Engel and Grimaldi 2004)
Three authors: (Fortin, Walsh and Magarvey 2007)
4 or more authors: (Seo et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Pathogens and Disease
Abbreviation	Pathog. Dis.
ISSN (online)	2049-632X
Scope	General Immunology and Microbiology General Medicine Immunology and Allergy Infectious Diseases Microbiology (medical)