How to format your references using the Pathogens and Disease citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Pathogens and Disease. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Lightman A. A tale of two loves. Nature 2005;434:299–300.

A journal article with 2 authors

England PC, Katz RF. Global systematics of arc volcano position. Nature 2010;468:E6-7; discussion E7-8.

A journal article with 3 authors

Wu DW-L, Bischof WF, Kingstone A. Looking while eating: the importance of social context to social attention. Sci Rep 2013;3:2356.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

He W, Miao FJ-P, Lin DC-H et al. Citric acid cycle intermediates as ligands for orphan G-protein-coupled receptors. Nature 2004;429:188–93.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Peinado AM, Segura JC. Speech Recognition Over Digital Channels. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2006.

An edited book

Rinderle-Ma S, Toumani F, Wolf K eds. Business Process Management: 9th International Conference, BPM 2011, Clermont-Ferrand, France, August 30 - September 2, 2011. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

Hofmuth M. Identifying Knowledge, Skills and Abilities of Successful Entrepreneurs. In: Weber S, Oser FK, Achtenhagen F, et al. (eds.). Becoming an Entrepreneur. Rotterdam: SensePublishers, 2014, 55–75.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Pathogens and Disease.

Blog post

Andrews R. Hunter Killed After Shot Elephant Falls Over And Crushes Him. IFLScience 2017.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Chemical Assessments: EPA’s New Assessment Process Will Further Limit the Productivity and Credibility of Its Integrated Risk Information System. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2008.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Matta Veera Venkata S. Ensuring security and authentication using zero knowledge protocol in wireless sensor network applications. 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Yablonsky L. Coast Garde. New York Times. March 27, 2011:M224.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Lightman 2005).
This sentence cites two references (Lightman 2005; England and Katz 2010).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (England and Katz 2010)
Three authors: (Wu, Bischof and Kingstone 2013)
4 or more authors: (He et al. 2004)

About the journal

Full journal title	Pathogens and Disease
Abbreviation	Pathog. Dis.
ISSN (online)	2049-632X
Scope	General Immunology and Microbiology General Medicine Immunology and Allergy Infectious Diseases Microbiology (medical)