How to format your references using the Pathogenesis citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Pathogenesis. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Brown D. Mutant flu - the view from the newsroom. Nature 2012;485:7.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Graham S, Hegde D. Intellectual Property. Disclosing patents’ secrets. Science 2015;347:236–7.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Sudhakar YA, Verma RK, Pawar SC. Type IV collagen α1-chain noncollagenous domain blocks MMP-2 activation both in-vitro and in-vivo. Sci Rep 2014;4:4136.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Shimizu K, Ishikawa H, Takao D, Yagi T, Amaya K. Superconductivity in compressed lithium at 20 K. Nature 2002;419:597–9.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Taylor TA. Guide to LEED® 2009 Estimating and Preconstruction Strategies. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2010.

An edited book

[1]

Corrigan ML, Escuro AA, Kirby DF, editors. Handbook of Clinical Nutrition and Stroke. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Cayuela A. Vulnerable: To Be Between Life and Death. In: Masferrer A, García-Sánchez E, editors. Human Dignity of the Vulnerable in the Age of Rights: Interdisciplinary Perspectives, Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016, p. 63–79.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Pathogenesis.

Blog post

[1]

Hale T. What Caused These Awesome Wave-Like Clouds In Colorado? IFLScience 2015. https://www.iflscience.com/physics/what-caused-these-awesome-wavey-clouds-colorado/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. International Air Passengers: Staffing Model for Airport Inspections Personnel Can Be Improved. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2005.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Ballan AO. The selfie generation: Students’ perceptions of classroom incivility in social work education. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach, 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Kelly R. Are You Now or Have You Ever Been . . . New York Times 1998:76.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Pathogenesis
ISSN (print)	2214-6636
Scope