How to format your references using the Pathogenesis citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Pathogenesis. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Corkum P. Laser physics. Attosecond pulses at last. Nature 2000;403:845–6.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Stephenson NL, Das AJ. Comment on “Changes in climatic water balance drive downhill shifts in plant species’ optimum elevations.” Science 2011;334:177; author reply 177.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Shen Y, Buick R, Canfield DE. Isotopic evidence for microbial sulphate reduction in the early Archaean era. Nature 2001;410:77–81.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Halbertal D, Ben Shalom M, Uri A, Bagani K, Meltzer AY, Marcus I, et al. Imaging resonant dissipation from individual atomic defects in graphene. Science 2017;358:1303–6.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Taha A-EM, Hassanein HS, Ali NA. LTE, LTE-Advanced and WiMAX. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2011.

An edited book

[1]

Chiu W-T, Chiang Y-H, Kao M-C, Hung C-C, Lin S-Z, Chen H-J, et al., editors. Reconstructive Neurosurgery. vol. 101. Vienna: Springer; 2008.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Tounsi I, Hadj Kacem M, Hadj Kacem A. Building Correct by Construction SOA Design Patterns: Modeling and Refinement. In: Drira K, editor. Software Architecture: 7th European Conference, ECSA 2013, Montpellier, France, July 1-5, 2013. Proceedings, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2013, p. 33–44.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Pathogenesis.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew E. New Dual Carbon Battery Charges 20x Faster Than Lithium Ion. IFLScience 2014.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. GAO’s Views on SDIO’s Phase I Cost Estimate. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1989.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Enriquez M. Music therapy to hospice patients of Visiting Nurse Association of Inland Counties: A grant proposal. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Kelly D. Model Citizen. New York Times 1995:720.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Pathogenesis
ISSN (print)	2214-6636
Scope