How to format your references using the Pathobiology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Pathobiology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Check E. Malta provides loophole for breast-cancer screen. Nature. 2002 Oct;419(6909):767.

A journal article with 2 authors

Slessareva JE, Dohlman HG. G protein signaling in yeast: new components, new connections, new compartments. Science. 2006 Dec;314(5804):1412–3.

A journal article with 3 authors

Lyon BE, Chaine AS, Winkler DW. Ecology. A matter of timing. Science. 2008 Aug;321(5892):1051–2.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Doyle MW, Stanley EH, Havlick DG, Kaiser MJ, Steinbach G, Graf WL, et al. Environmental science. Aging infrastructure and ecosystem restoration. Science. 2008 Jan;319(5861):286–7.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Center for Chemical Process Safety. Recognizing Catastrophic Incident Warning Signs in the Process Industries. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2011.

An edited book

Krause E, Shokin YI, Resch M, Shokina N, editors. Computational Science and High Performance Computing III: The 3rd Russian-German Advanced Research Workshop, Novosibirsk, Russia, July 23 - 27, 2007. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2008.

A chapter in an edited book

Simovici DA, Djeraba C. Lattices and Boolean Algebras. In: Djeraba C, editor. Mathematical Tools for Data Mining: Set Theory, Partial Orders, Combinatorics. London: Springer; 2008; pp 173–224.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Pathobiology.

Blog post

Luntz S. Ants Improve Network Design [Internet]. IFLScience. 2015 Oct [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/ants-improve-network-design/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Mass Transit: Project Management Oversight Benefits and Future Funding Requirements. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2000.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Espinoza M. A Latina’s educational attainment and her observations of foster youth’s educational struggles: A narrative. 2010

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Grynbaum MM, Koblin J. Journalists Fear Effects Of an Arrest. New York Times. 2017 Jun;A19.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Pathobiology
Abbreviation	Pathobiology
ISSN (print)	1015-2008
ISSN (online)	1423-0291
Scope	Cell Biology Molecular Biology General Medicine Pathology and Forensic Medicine