How to format your references using the Palaeoworld citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Palaeoworld. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Helfand, S.L., 2002. Neurobiology. Chaperones take flight. Science 295, 809–810.

A journal article with 2 authors

Muoio, D.M., Newgard, C.B., 2004. Biomedicine. Insulin resistance takes a trip through the ER. Science 306, 425–426.

A journal article with 3 authors

Nelson, W.A., Bjørnstad, O.N., Yamanaka, T., 2013. Recurrent insect outbreaks caused by temperature-driven changes in system stability. Science 341, 796–799.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Lee, S.S., Kennedy, S., Tolonen, A.C., Ruvkun, G., 2003. DAF-16 target genes that control C. elegans life-span and metabolism. Science 300, 644–647.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Grotewold, E., Chappell, J., Kellogg, E.A., 2015. Plant Genes, Genomes and Genetics. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK.

An edited book

Nielsen, F. (Ed.), 2014. Geometric Theory of Information, Signals and Communication Technology. Springer International Publishing, Cham.

A chapter in an edited book

Cao, Z., 2007. A Complete Probabilistic Belief Logic, in: Inoue, K., Satoh, K., Toni, F. (Eds.), Computational Logic in Multi-Agent Systems: 7th International Workshop, CLIMA VII, Hakodate, Japan, May 8-9, 2006, Revised Selected and Invited Papers, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 80–94.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Palaeoworld.

Blog post

Fang, J., 2015. Seal Fat Reveals Chemical Pollutants in the Deep Sea [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1999. Year 2000 Computing Crisis: Customs Has Established Effective Year 2000 Program Controls (No. AIMD-99-37). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Gaete, D.O., 2009. Investigation of intuitive eating after intervention measured by the Intuitive Eating Scale (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Chavers, L., Zissu, A., 2005. THE ORIGINALS. New York Times 6136.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Helfand, 2002).
This sentence cites two references (Helfand, 2002; Muoio and Newgard, 2004).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Muoio and Newgard, 2004)
Three or more authors: (Lee et al., 2003)

About the journal

Full journal title	Palaeoworld
Abbreviation	Palaeoworld
ISSN (print)	1871-174X
Scope	Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics Palaeontology Stratigraphy