How to format your references using the Pakistan Veterinary Journal citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Pakistan Veterinary Journal (PKV). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Greffet J-J, 2005. Applied physics. Nanoantennas for light emission. Science 308:1561–1563.

A journal article with 2 authors

Sneppen K and Semsey S, 2014. Mismatch repair at stop codons is directed independent of GATC methylation on the Escherichia coli chromosome. Sci Rep 4:7346.

A journal article with 3 authors

Taniguchi H, Lu J and Huang ZJ, 2013. The spatial and temporal origin of chandelier cells in mouse neocortex. Science 339:70–74.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Stefater JA 3rd, Lewkowich I, Rao S, et al., 2011. Regulation of angiogenesis by a non-canonical Wnt-Flt1 pathway in myeloid cells. Nature 474:511–515.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Pai MD FACC FRCP Edin RG and Varadarajan MD FACC P, 2014. Echocardiography Board Review. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd: Chichester, UK.

An edited book

2016. Competition Law Compliance Programmes: An Interdisciplinary Approach. Springer International Publishing: Cham.

A chapter in an edited book

He S, Zheng X, Zhang C, et al., 2011. Topic-Oriented Information Detection and Scoring. In: Intelligence and Security Informatics: Pacific Asia Workshop, PAISI 2011, Beijing, China, July 9, 2011. Proceedings (Chau M, Wang GA, Zheng X, et al., eds). Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg, pp:36–42.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Pakistan Veterinary Journal.

Blog post

Hale T, 2016. Man-Eating Nile Crocodiles Have Been Found In Florida. IFLScience. 2016 Available at https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/man-eating-nile-crocodiles-have-been-found-florida/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1988. [Comments on Responsibility for Peacetime Administration of Ready Reserve Fleet]. U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Coppock JE, 2017. Optical and Magnetic Measurements of a Levitated, Gyroscopically Stabilized Graphene Nanoplatelet. Doctoral dissertation. University of Maryland, College Park.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Schmidt MS, 2017. Mueller Inquiry Seeks Documents On Trump Firings. New York Times A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Greffet, 2005).
This sentence cites two references (Greffet, 2005; Sneppen and Semsey, 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Sneppen and Semsey, 2014)
Three authors: (Taniguchi, Lu, and Huang, 2013)
4 or more authors: (Stefater et al., 2011)

About the journal

Full journal title	Pakistan Veterinary Journal
ISSN (print)	0253-8318
ISSN (online)	2074-7764
Scope