How to format your references using the Pakistan Veterinary Journal citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Pakistan Veterinary Journal (PKV). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Sarewitz D, 2010. World view: Tomorrow never knows. Nature 463:24.

A journal article with 2 authors

Goldstein JL and Brown MS, 2012. History of science. A golden era of Nobel laureates. Science 338:1033–1034.

A journal article with 3 authors

Klak C, Reeves G and Hedderson T, 2004. Unmatched tempo of evolution in Southern African semi-desert ice plants. Nature 427:63–65.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Tanaka Y, Oshima Y, Yamamura T, et al., 2013. Multi-petal cyclamen flowers produced by AGAMOUS chimeric repressor expression. Sci Rep 3:2641.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Adams DJ, Dyson PJ and Tavener SJ, 2005. Chemistry in Alternative Reaction Media. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd: Chichester, UK.

An edited book

Bosch TCG, 2016. The Holobiont Imperative: Perspectives from Early Emerging Animals. Springer: Vienna.

A chapter in an edited book

Nestler B and Wendler F, 2006. Simulations of Complex Microstructure Formations. In: Analysis, Modeling and Simulation of Multiscale Problems (Mielke A, ed). Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg, pp:113–152.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Pakistan Veterinary Journal.

Blog post

Andrew E, 2015. Astronomers Searched 100,000 Galaxies For Signs Of Advanced Alien Civilizations. IFLScience. 2015 Available at https://www.iflscience.com/space/study-100000-galaxies-fails-find-advanced-alien-civilizations/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2009. Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites: Acquisition Has Increased Costs, Reduced Capabilities, and Delayed Schedules. U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Holmgren JL, 2013. Instructor responses to rhetorical dissent: Student perceptions of justice and classroom outcomes. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey G, 2011. Relatives of Flight 93 Victims Run to Keep Memories Alive. New York Times B16.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Sarewitz, 2010).
This sentence cites two references (Goldstein and Brown, 2012; Sarewitz, 2010).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Goldstein and Brown, 2012)
Three authors: (Klak, Reeves, and Hedderson, 2004)
4 or more authors: (Tanaka et al., 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Pakistan Veterinary Journal
ISSN (print)	0253-8318
ISSN (online)	2074-7764
Scope