How to format your references using the Pacific Science citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Pacific Science. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Brumfiel, G. 2002. Cosmology: it all adds up. Nature 420:731–732.

A journal article with 2 authors

Davies, N. B., and J. A. Welbergen. 2009. Social transmission of a host defense against cuckoo parasitism. Science (New York, N.Y.) 324:1318–1320.

A journal article with 3 authors

Friis, E. M., K. R. Pedersen, and P. R. Crane. 2001. Fossil evidence of water lilies (Nymphaeales) in the Early Cretaceous. Nature 410:357–360.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Weill, M., G. Lutfalla, K. Mogensen, F. Chandre, A. Berthomieu, C. Berticat, N. Pasteur, et al. 2003. Comparative genomics: Insecticide resistance in mosquito vectors. Nature 423:136–137.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Renaud, B., K.-H. Kim, and M. Cho. 2016. Dynamics of Housing in East Asia. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK.

An edited book

Ashbee, R., and E. M. Bignell, eds. 2010. Pathogenic Yeasts. The Yeast Handbook. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Morales, J. M., A. J. Conejo, H. Madsen, P. Pinson, and M. Zugno. 2014. Balancing Markets. Pages 101–136 in A. J. Conejo, H. Madsen, P. Pinson, and M. Zugno, eds. Integrating Renewables in Electricity Markets: Operational Problems, International Series in Operations Research & Management Science. Springer US, Boston, MA.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Pacific Science.

Blog post

Andrew, E. 2014. Inventor Develops Synthetic “Leaf” That Produces Oxygen. IFLScience. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1998. Status Information: FAA’s Year 2000 Business Continuity and Contingency Planning Efforts Are Ongoing (No. AIMD-99-40R). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Hall, Z. B., II. 2017. General Relativistic Non-Radial Oscillations in Compact Stars (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

St. John Kelly, E. 1997. With Historic Brownstone Gone, Is Development at Hand? New York Times, p. 1410.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Brumfiel 2002).
This sentence cites two references (Brumfiel 2002; Davies and Welbergen 2009).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Davies and Welbergen 2009)
Three or more authors: (Weill et al. 2003)

About the journal

Full journal title	Pacific Science
ISSN (print)	0030-8870
ISSN (online)	1534-6188
Scope