How to format your references using the Otolaryngology Case Reports citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Otolaryngology Case Reports. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

PaperpileThe citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNoteFind the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and othersThe style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeXBibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author
[1]
Gingerich O. Brian Marsden (1937-2010). Nature 2010;468:1042.
A journal article with 2 authors
[1]
Parsons J, Wand Y. A question of class. Nature 2008;455:1040–1.
A journal article with 3 authors
[1]
Inaba M, Yamanaka H, Kondo S. Pigment pattern formation by contact-dependent depolarization. Science 2012;335:677.
A journal article with 7 or more authors
[1]
Vargas-Perez H, Ting-A Kee R, Walton CH, Hansen DM, Razavi R, Clarke L, et al. Ventral tegmental area BDNF induces an opiate-dependent-like reward state in naive rats. Science 2009;324:1732–4.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book
[1]
Ness L. Securing Utility and Energy Infrastructures. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2006.
An edited book
[1]
Su J, Zhao B, Sun Z, Wang X, Wang F, Xu K, editors. Frontiers in Internet Technologies: Second CCF Internet Conference of China, ICoC 2013, Zhangjiajie, China, July 10, 2013, Revised Selected Papers. vol. 401. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2013.
A chapter in an edited book
[1]
Hosken N. Developing and enacting an ethical framework and method for cross-cultural researchi. In: Vicars M, McKenna T, White J, editors. Discourse, Power, and Resistance Down Under, Rotterdam: SensePublishers; 2012, p. 27–39.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Otolaryngology Case Reports.

Blog post
[1]
Evans K. Study Finds Link Between Gluten-Free Diet And Type 2 Diabetes Risk. IFLScience 2017. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/study-finds-link-between-glutenfree-diet-and-type-2-diabetes-risk/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report
[1]
Government Accountability Office. Buyouts at the Department of Education. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1994.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation
[1]
Ren W. The Portrayal of Risk-taking Behaviors in Traffic on the Prime-time Television Series. Doctoral dissertation. Southern Illinois University, 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article
[1]
Pilon M. Chinese Cabby’s Query Prompted an Epiphany. New York Times 2015:F6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal titleOtolaryngology Case Reports
ISSN (print)2468-5488
Scope

Other styles