How to format your references using the Orthopedic Clinics of North America citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Orthopedic Clinics of North America (OCL). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Cannon B. Cardiovascular disease: Biochemistry to behaviour. Nature 2013;493(7434):S2-3.

A journal article with 2 authors

Jean-Baptiste P., Fourré E. Arctic Ocean: hydrothermal activity on Gakkel Ridge. Nature 2004;428(6978):36.

A journal article with 3 authors

Schulte DM., Burke RP., Lipcius RN. Unprecedented restoration of a native oyster metapopulation. Science 2009;325(5944):1124–8.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Goyenvalle A., Vulin A., Fougerousse F., et al. Rescue of dystrophic muscle through U7 snRNA-mediated exon skipping. Science 2004;306(5702):1796–9.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hiltscher G., Mühlthaler W., Smits J. Industrial Pigging Technology. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; 2003.

An edited book

Battisti C. An Introduction to Disturbance Ecology: A Road Map for Wildlife Management and Conservation. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

Kingsley GT., Pettit KLS. Quality of Life at a Finer Grain: The National Neighborhood Indicators Partnership. In: Sirgy MJ, Phillips R, and Rahtz D, editors. Community Quality-of-Life Indicators: Best Cases V. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2011. p. 67–96.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Orthopedic Clinics of North America.

Blog post

Luntz S. Canada And Nasa Partner To Intercept A Potentially Hazardous Asteroid. IFLScience. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/space/canada-and-nasa-partner-intercept-potentially-hazardous-asteroid/. Accessed October 30, 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. SSA Data Communications Contracts With Paradyne Corporation Demonstrate the Need for Improved Management Controls. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1984.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Edwards CD. Migration: Lighting to evoke human responses. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hollander S. Gimelstob Works the Crowd. New York Times 2000:D4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Orthopedic Clinics of North America
Abbreviation	Orthop. Clin. North Am.
ISSN (print)	0030-5898
ISSN (online)	1558-1373
Scope	Orthopedics and Sports Medicine

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