How to format your references using the Orthopedic Clinics of North America citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Orthopedic Clinics of North America (OCL). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Rapoport TA. Protein translocation across the eukaryotic endoplasmic reticulum and bacterial plasma membranes. Nature 2007;450(7170):663–9.

A journal article with 2 authors

Bezanilla F., Perozo E. Structural biology. Force and voltage sensors in one structure. Science 2002;298(5598):1562–3.

A journal article with 3 authors

Saitou M., Barton SC., Surani MA. A molecular programme for the specification of germ cell fate in mice. Nature 2002;418(6895):293–300.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Jiang N., Bao Z., Zhang X., et al. An active DNA transposon family in rice. Nature 2003;421(6919):163–7.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Münch V. Patente, Marken, Design von A bis Z. D-69451 Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH; 2009.

An edited book

Spaccapietra S., Atzeni P., Fages F., et al. Journal on Data Semantics VIII. vol. 4380. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2007.

A chapter in an edited book

Chau M., Sriskandha SE., Thérien-Aubin H., et al. Supramolecular Nanofibrillar Polymer Hydrogels. In: Seiffert S, editor. Supramolecular Polymer Networks and Gels. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015. p. 167–208.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Orthopedic Clinics of North America.

Blog post

Andrews R. Researchers Find Psychological “Vaccine” Against Fake News. IFLScience. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/brain/researchers-find-psychological-vaccine-against-fake-news/. Accessed October 30, 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Aerospace Plane Technology: Research and Development Efforts in Europe. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1991.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Hsieh H-C. Self-access center and autonomous learning: EFL college students’ motivations, activities and perceptions of learning effectiveness. Doctoral dissertation, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Savodnik P. If They Build It, Will The Kardashians Come? New York Times 2013:MM32.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Orthopedic Clinics of North America
Abbreviation	Orthop. Clin. North Am.
ISSN (print)	0030-5898
ISSN (online)	1558-1373
Scope	Orthopedics and Sports Medicine