How to format your references using the Orthopedic Clinics of North America citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Orthopedic Clinics of North America (OCL). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Winfree AT. Oscillating systems. On emerging coherence. Science 2002;298(5602):2336–7.

A journal article with 2 authors

Danielson JÅH., Frommer WB. Plant science. Jack of all trades, master of flowering. Science 2013;339(6120):659–60.

A journal article with 3 authors

Milward GC., Calderón MJ., Littlewood PB. Electronically soft phases in manganites. Nature 2005;433(7026):607–10.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Worobey M., Rambaut A., Pybus OG., et al. Questioning the evidence for genetic recombination in the 1918 “Spanish flu” virus. Science 2002;296(5566):211 discussion 211.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Kim Y-H. Sound Propagation. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2010.

An edited book

Joost H-G. Appetite Control. vol. 209. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

Duckham M., Kulik L., Birtley A. A Spatiotemporal Model of Strategies and Counter Strategies for Location Privacy Protection. In: Raubal M, Miller HJ, Frank AU et al., editors. Geographic Information Science: 4th International Conference, GIScience 2006, Münster, Germany, September 20-23, 2006. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2006. p. 47–64.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Orthopedic Clinics of North America.

Blog post

Andrews R. How Will British Science Be Affected If The UK Votes To Leave The EU? IFLScience. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/british-affected-uk-votes-leave-eu/. Accessed October 30, 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Assessment of Bilateral Telecommunications Agreements With Japan. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1983.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Rodriguez F. A historical analysis of euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide in the United States. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

GEORGE GENE GUSTINES; Compiled by RACHEL LEE HARRIS. Stephen King Plans a Vampire Comic. New York Times 2009:C2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Orthopedic Clinics of North America
Abbreviation	Orthop. Clin. North Am.
ISSN (print)	0030-5898
ISSN (online)	1558-1373
Scope	Orthopedics and Sports Medicine