How to format your references using the Orthodontic Waves citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Orthodontic Waves. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Powell K. Counting the cost. Nature 2005;434:1048–9.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Juran I, Falcocchio J. Retrospective. George Bugliarello (1927-2011). Science 2011;332:50.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Yazdanbakhsh M, Kremsner PG, van Ree R. Allergy, parasites, and the hygiene hypothesis. Science 2002;296:490–4.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Ma JF, Yamaji N, Mitani N, Tamai K, Konishi S, Fujiwara T, et al. An efflux transporter of silicon in rice. Nature 2007;448:209–12.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Adámek J. Foundations of Coding. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 1991.

An edited book

[1]

Biza I. Research on Teaching and Learning Mathematics at the Tertiary Level: State-of-the-art and Looking Ahead. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Quattrocolo S. The Right to Information in EU Legislation. In: Ruggeri S, editor. Human Rights in European Criminal Law: New Developments in European Legislation and Case Law after the Lisbon Treaty, Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015, p. 81–93.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Orthodontic Waves.

Blog post

[1]

Hale T. Did Ancient Humans Help Create The Sahara Desert? IFLScience 2017.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Commercial Passenger Vehicles: Safety Inspection of Commercial Buses and Vans Entering the United States From Mexico. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1997.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Angell BD. Transformational Innovation and Transformational Leadership in the U.S. Government Department of Defense Acquisitions Workforce. Doctoral dissertation. Capella University, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Mueller B, Rosenberg E. Worker Trying to Prevent Vehicle Break-Ins Is Fatally Shot; Police Seek 3 Men. New York Times 2015:A23.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Orthodontic Waves
Abbreviation	Orthod. Waves
ISSN (print)	1344-0241
Scope	Orthodontics

Research and Writing Guides