How to format your references using the Orthodontic Waves citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Orthodontic Waves. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Sheil M. Perspective: on the verge of a new ERA. Nature 2014;511:S67.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Wortmann UG, Paytan A. Rapid variability of seawater chemistry over the past 130 million years. Science 2012;337:334–6.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Luce CH, Abatzoglou JT, Holden ZA. The missing mountain water: slower westerlies decrease orographic enhancement in the Pacific Northwest USA. Science 2013;342:1360–4.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Oldfield TEE, Smith RJ, Harrop SR, Leader-Williams N. Field sports and conservation in the United Kingdom. Nature 2003;423:531–3.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Brunet R. Sustainable Geography. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2013.

An edited book

[1]

Natarajan R, editor. Distributed Computing and Internet Technology: 10th International Conference, ICDCIT 2014, Bhubaneswar, India, February 6-9, 2014. Proceedings. vol. 8337. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Vasudevan N, Tardieu O, Dolby J, Edwards SA. Compile-Time Analysis and Specialization of Clocks in Concurrent Programs. In: Moor O de, Schwartzbach MI, editors. Compiler Construction: 18th International Conference, CC 2009, Held as Part of the Joint European Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software, ETAPS 2009, York, UK, March 22-29, 2009. Proceedings, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2009, p. 48–62.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Orthodontic Waves.

Blog post

[1]

Luntz S. Mysterious Disease Causes Sea Stars To Disintegrate. IFLScience 2014.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Consolidation of American Forces Radio and Television Service--Washington and Los Angeles Broadcasting Facilities. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1980.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Hilton LC. Case study on organic farming as a sustainable solution for African-American farmers. Doctoral dissertation. University of Phoenix, 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Yablonsky L. Characters Welcome. New York Times 2011:ST3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Orthodontic Waves
Abbreviation	Orthod. Waves
ISSN (print)	1344-0241
Scope	Orthodontics