How to format your references using the Orthodontic Waves citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Orthodontic Waves. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Harris J. Soil microbial communities and restoration ecology: facilitators or followers? Science 2009;325:573–4.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Mackinnon MJ, Marsh K. The selection landscape of malaria parasites. Science 2010;328:866–71.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

McLeod P, Reed N, Dienes Z. Psychophysics: how fielders arrive in time to catch the ball. Nature 2003;426:244–5.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Klix CL, Murata K-I, Tanaka H, Williams SR, Malins A, Royall CP. Novel kinetic trapping in charged colloidal clusters due to self-induced surface charge organization. Sci Rep 2013;3:2072.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Anderson D. TKO Management! Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2007.

An edited book

[1]

Ketonen LM. Pediatric Brain and Spine: An Atlas of MRI and Spectroscopy. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2005.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Lim EHY, Lee RST. iJADE InfoSeeker: On Using Intelligent Context-Aware Agents for Retrieving and Analyzing Chinese Web Articles. In: Lee RST, Loia V, editors. Computational Intelligence for Agent-based Systems, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2007, p. 127–53.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Orthodontic Waves.

Blog post

[1]

Davis J. Chimpanzees Craft “Dipping Sticks” To Drink Hard To Reach Water. IFLScience 2017.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. High-Performance Computing: High-Speed Computer Networks in the United States, Europe, and Japan. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1991.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Gogri D. Effect of Water Hardness on Adsorption of Lead From Aqueous Solutions Using Douglas Fir Biochar. Doctoral dissertation. Mississippi State University, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Walsh MW. House Bill on Puerto Rico Debt Near Completion. New York Times 2016:B2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Orthodontic Waves
Abbreviation	Orthod. Waves
ISSN (print)	1344-0241
Scope	Orthodontics