How to format your references using the Optik - International Journal for Light and Electron Optics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Optik - International Journal for Light and Electron Optics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

P. Rakic, Neurobiology. Neurocreationism--making new cortical maps, Science. 294 (2001) 1011–1012.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

H.W. Paerl, T.G. Otten, Environmental science. Blooms bite the hand that feeds them, Science. 342 (2013) 433–434.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

J.F.A. Jansen, J.D. Gearhart, J.W.M. Bulte, Comment on “Magnetic resonance spectroscopy identifies neural progenitor cells in the live human brain,” Science. 321 (2008) 640.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

Z. Zhao, H. Liu, Y. Luo, S. Zhou, L. An, C. Wang, Q. Jin, M. Zhou, J.-R. Xu, Molecular evolution and functional divergence of tubulin superfamily in the fungal tree of life, Sci. Rep. 4 (2014) 6746.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

H. Bachmann, A. Steinle, Precast Concrete Structures, Ernst & Sohn Verlag für Architektur und technische Wissenschaften GmbH & Co. KG, Berlin, Germany, 2012.

An edited book

[1]

T. Kobayashi, T. Okada, T. Kobayashi, K.A. Nelson, S.D. Silvestri, eds., Ultrafast Phenomena XIV: Proceedings of the 14th International Conference, Niigata, Japan, July 25–30, 2004, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2005.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

S.M. Furnell, Security Education: The Challenge beyond the Classroom, in: R.C. Dodge, L. Futcher (Eds.), Information Assurance and Security Education and Training: 8th IFIP WG 11.8 World Conference on Information Security Education, WISE 8, Auckland, New Zealand, July 8-10, 2013, Proceedings, WISE 7, Lucerne Switzerland, June 9-10, 2011, and WISE 6, Bento Gonçalves, RS, Brazil, July 27-31, 2009, Revised Selected Papers, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2013: pp. 32–38.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Optik - International Journal for Light and Electron Optics.

Blog post

[1]

J. Davis, For Male Chimpanzees, It Pays To Have Friends In High Places, IFLScience. (2016).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Managing Technology: Best Practices Can Improve Performance and Produce Results, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1997.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

M. Bebianno Simoes, Work and social activism in the life stories of Latina domestic workers, Doctoral dissertation, University of Maryland, College Park, 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

D.A. Kelly, 36 Hours | Concord, Mass, New York Times. (2002) F4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Optik - International Journal for Light and Electron Optics
Abbreviation	Optik (Stuttg.)
ISSN (print)	0030-4026
Scope	Electrical and Electronic Engineering Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics

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