How to format your references using the Optik - International Journal for Light and Electron Optics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Optik - International Journal for Light and Electron Optics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

R.S. Brown, Hepatitis C and liver transplantation, Nature. 436 (2005) 973–978.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

N.J. Kaplinsky, M.K. Barton, Plant biology. Plant acupuncture: sticking PINs in the right places, Science. 306 (2004) 822–823.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

M. Gleiche, L.F. Chi, H. Fuchs, Nanoscopic channel lattices with controlled anisotropic wetting, Nature. 403 (2000) 173–175.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

K. Takeuchi, S. Mohammad, T. Ozaki, E. Morioka, K. Kawaguchi, J. Kim, B. Jeong, J.H. Hong, K.J. Lee, M. Ikeda, Serotonin-2C receptor involved serotonin-induced Ca²⁺ mobilisations in neuronal progenitors and neurons in rat suprachiasmatic nucleus, Sci. Rep. 4 (2014) 4106.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

S.W. Blume, High Voltage Protection for Telecommunications, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2011.

An edited book

[1]

J.A. Roth, ed., Gene-Based Therapies for Cancer, Springer, New York, NY, 2010.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

T. Fujita, J. Ichikawa, Syntheses, Properties, and Applications of Fluorinated Isoquinolines, in: V. Nenajdenko (Ed.), Fluorine in Heterocyclic Chemistry Volume 2: 6-Membered Heterocycles, Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2014: pp. 181–210.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Optik - International Journal for Light and Electron Optics.

Blog post

[1]

E. Andrew, Play Linked To Sluggish Growth In Infant Monkeys – But Should Humans Worry?, IFLScience. (2015). https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/play-linked-sluggish-growth-infant-monkeys-should-humans-worry/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites: Additional Action Needed to Incorporate Lessons Learned from Other Satellite Programs, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2006.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

C.L. Stevenson, Availability and seasonal use of diurnal roosts by Rafinesque’s big-eared bat and southeastern myotis in bottomland hardwoods of Mississippi, Doctoral dissertation, Mississippi State University, 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

L. Baker, A Housing Project That Embraces A City and Nature, New York Times. (2010) B7.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Optik - International Journal for Light and Electron Optics
Abbreviation	Optik (Stuttg.)
ISSN (print)	0030-4026
Scope	Electrical and Electronic Engineering Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics