How to format your references using the Optik - International Journal for Light and Electron Optics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Optik - International Journal for Light and Electron Optics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

N. Loder, Northern lobby attacks UK synchrotron siting, Nature 404 (2000) 323.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

A. Lillard, N. Else-Quest, The early years. Evaluating Montessori education, Science 313 (2006) 1893–1894.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

T. Aida, E.W. Meijer, S.I. Stupp, Functional supramolecular polymers, Science 335 (2012) 813–817.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

J.-Y. Park, Y.-Q. Su, M. Ariga, E. Law, S.-L.C. Jin, M. Conti, EGF-like growth factors as mediators of LH action in the ovulatory follicle, Science 303 (2004) 682–684.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

J. McConnell, Index of Medical Imaging, Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, UK, 2011.

An edited book

[1]

T.A. Hutchinson, ed., Whole Person Care: A New Paradigm for the 21st Century, 1st ed., Springer, New York, NY, 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

W. Wolford, F. Lu, G. Valdivia, Environmental Crisis and the Production of Alternatives: Conservation Practice(s) in the Galapagos Islands, in: S.J. Walsh, C.F. Mena (Eds.), Science and Conservation in the Galapagos Islands: Frameworks & Perspectives, Springer, New York, NY, 2013: pp. 87–104.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Optik - International Journal for Light and Electron Optics.

Blog post

[1]

E. Andrew, Measles Cases In The US Reach 20-Year High, IFLScience (2014). https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/measles-cases-us-reach-20-year-high/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, International Space Station: Challenges to Increased Utilization May Affect Return on Investment, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2015.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

J.B. Platt, Feast in the time of terror: Stalinist temporal paradox and the 1937 Pushkin Jubilee, Doctoral dissertation, Columbia University, 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

L. Conte, Scouting Report, New York Times (2011) E4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Optik - International Journal for Light and Electron Optics
Abbreviation	Optik (Stuttg.)
ISSN (print)	0030-4026
Scope	Electrical and Electronic Engineering Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics