How to format your references using the Optik - International Journal for Light and Electron Optics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Optik - International Journal for Light and Electron Optics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

E. Claussen, Climate policy. An effective approach to climate change, Science 306 (2004) 816.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

H. Alle, J.R.P. Geiger, Combined analog and action potential coding in hippocampal mossy fibers, Science 311 (2006) 1290–1293.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

R.P. Suttmeier, C. Cao, D.F. Simon, Priorities and funding. “Knowledge innovation” and the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Science 312 (2006) 58–59.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

K. Hu, D.G. Harper, S.A. Shea, E.G. Stopa, F.A.J.L. Scheer, Noninvasive fractal biomarker of clock neurotransmitter disturbance in humans with dementia, Sci. Rep. 3 (2013) 2229.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

P. Micouin, Model-Based Systems Engineering, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2014.

An edited book

[1]

C.R. Timmel, J.R. Harmer, eds., Structural Information from Spin-Labels and Intrinsic Paramagnetic Centres in the Biosciences, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

E.S. Molho, S.A. Factor, Psychosis, in: R.F. Pfeiffer, I. Bodis-Wollner (Eds.), Parkinson’s Disease and Nonmotor Dysfunction, Humana Press, Totowa, NJ, 2013: pp. 63–90.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Optik - International Journal for Light and Electron Optics.

Blog post

[1]

K. Hamilton, You Probably Shouldn’t Hug Your Dog, And 3 Other Common Things We Get Wrong About Dogs, IFLScience (2017). https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/you-probably-shouldnt-hug-your-dog-and-three-other-common-things-we-get-wrong-about-dogs/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Transportation Security Research: Coordination Needed in Selecting and Implementing Infrastructure Vulnerability Assessments, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2003.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

K.M. Smith, Meanings of “design” in instructional technology: A conceptual analysis based on the field’s foundational literature, Doctoral dissertation, Indiana University, 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

L. Dackman, When You Wish Upon a Saint, Watch What You Ask For, New York Times (2006) ST9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Optik - International Journal for Light and Electron Optics
Abbreviation	Optik (Stuttg.)
ISSN (print)	0030-4026
Scope	Electrical and Electronic Engineering Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics