How to format your references using the Optik citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Optik. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

M. Lerdau, Ecology. A positive feedback with negative consequences, Science. 316 (2007) 212–213.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

G. Smith, J.A. Smolin, An exactly solvable model for quantum communications, Nature. 504 (2013) 263–267.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

H. Li, W.X. Li, S.W. Ding, Induction and suppression of RNA silencing by an animal virus, Science. 296 (2002) 1319–1321.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

P. Piewngam, Y. Zheng, T.H. Nguyen, S.W. Dickey, H.-S. Joo, A.E. Villaruz, K.A. Glose, E.L. Fisher, R.L. Hunt, B. Li, J. Chiou, S. Pharkjaksu, S. Khongthong, G.Y.C. Cheung, P. Kiratisin, M. Otto, Pathogen elimination by probiotic Bacillus via signalling interference, Nature. 562 (2018) 532–537.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

S. Petrozzi, Practical Instrumental Analysis, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, Germany, 2012.

An edited book

[1]

S. Yamashita, S.-I. Minato, eds., Reversible Computation: 6th International Conference, RC 2014, Kyoto, Japan, July 10-11, 2014. Proceedings, Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

R.E. Condrey, P.E. Hoffman, D.E. Evers, The Last Naturally Active Delta Complexes of the Mississippi River (LNDM): Discovery and Implications, in: J.W. Day, G.P. Kemp, A.M. Freeman, D.P. Muth (Eds.), Perspectives on the Restoration of the Mississippi Delta: The Once and Future Delta, Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, 2014: pp. 33–50.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Optik.

Blog post

[1]

E. Andrew, Happy World Turtle Day!, IFLScience. (2015). https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/may-23-world-turtle-day/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Stafford Student Loans: Lower Subsidy Payments Could Achieve Savings Without Affecting Access, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1992.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

R.S. Roache, Missouri Public School Teachers’ Perception of Tenure, Doctoral dissertation, Lindenwood University, 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

K. Feeney, Chalkboard Special: Soup, New York Times. (2008) NJ8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Optik
Abbreviation	Optik (Stuttg.)
ISSN (print)	0030-4026
Scope	Electrical and Electronic Engineering Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics