How to format your references using the Optik citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Optik. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

R.H. Crabtree, Chemistry. No protection required, Science 318 (2007) 756–757.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

F. Farzadfard, T.K. Lu, Synthetic biology. Genomically encoded analog memory with precise in vivo DNA writing in living cell populations, Science 346 (2014) 1256272.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

T. Kinoshita, T. Wenger, D.S. Weiss, A quantum Newton’s cradle, Nature 440 (2006) 900–903.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

B. Hansen, S. Østerhus, D. Quadfasel, W. Turrell, Climate science. Already the day after tomorrow?, Science 305 (2004) 953–954.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

V. Balan, M. Neagu, Jet Single-Time Lagrange Geometry and Its Applications, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2011.

An edited book

[1]

P. Fuschi, A.A. Pisano, D. Weichert, eds., Direct Methods for Limit and Shakedown Analysis of Structures: Advanced Computational Algorithms and Material Modelling, Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Y. Isobe, F. Moller, H.N. Nguyen, M. Roggenbach, Safety and Line Capacity in Railways – An Approach in Timed CSP, in: J. Derrick, S. Gnesi, D. Latella, H. Treharne (Eds.), Integrated Formal Methods: 9th International Conference, IFM 2012, Pisa, Italy, June 18-21, 2012. Proceedings, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2012: pp. 54–68.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Optik.

Blog post

[1]

S. Luntz, Three New Species Of “Dwarf Dragons” Discovered In South America, IFLScience (2015). https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/here-be-dwarf-dragons/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Space Station: NASA’s Software Development Approach Increases Safety and Cost Risks, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1992.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

K.H. Spencer, Exploring the impact of problem -focused case writing pedagogy on novice teachers’ beliefs and practices concerning effective instructional intervention for young children and families, Doctoral dissertation, George Washington University, 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

J.B. Stewart, 2016’s Top Investors Offer Their Insights Into the Year Ahead, New York Times (2017) B1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Optik
Abbreviation	Optik (Stuttg.)
ISSN (print)	0030-4026
Scope	Electrical and Electronic Engineering Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics