How to format your references using the Optical Switching and Networking citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Optical Switching and Networking. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

P.S. Ohashi, Immunology. Exposing thy self, Science. 298 (2002) 1348–1349.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

P.J. Hines, L.M. Zahn, What’s bugging plants? Plant-microbe interactions. Introduction, Science. 324 (2009) 741.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

M. Flachsova, R. Sindelka, M. Kubista, Single blastomere expression profiling of Xenopus laevis embryos of 8 to 32-cells reveals developmental asymmetry, Sci. Rep. 3 (2013) 2278.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

X. Wang, J. Song, J. Liu, Z.L. Wang, Direct-current nanogenerator driven by ultrasonic waves, Science. 316 (2007) 102–105.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

N. Katsilambros, C. Kanaka-Gantenbein, S. Liatis, K. Makrilakis, N. Tentolouris, Diabetic Emergencies, Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, UK, 2011.

An edited book

[1]

W. Abramowicz, D. Flejter, eds., Business Information Systems Workshops: BIS 2009 International Workshops, Poznan, Poland, April 27-29, 2009. Revised Papers, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

S. Krum, W.V. Hevelingen, B. Kero, J. Turnbull, J. McCune, Externalizing Puppet Configuration, in: W.V. Hevelingen, B. Kero, J. Turnbull, J. McCune (Eds.), Pro Puppet: The Definitive Guide to Selling Abroad Profitably, Apress, Berkeley, CA, 2013: pp. 141–153.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Optical Switching and Networking.

Blog post

[1]

K. Hamilton, Deadly Medical Errors Are Less Common Than Headlines Suggest, IFLScience. (2016).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Joint Strike Fighter: Restructuring Places Program on Firmer Footing, but Progress Is Still Lagging, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2011.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

H. Swartz, The Multitude Speaks in Style: An Analysis of Vernacular Agency through Images of Ruth Bader Ginsburg, Doctoral dissertation, Florida Atlantic University, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

J. Koblin, E!, a Mainstay on the Red Carpet, Buys the People’s Choice Awards, New York Times. (2017) B4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Optical Switching and Networking
Abbreviation	Opt. Switch. Netw.
ISSN (print)	1573-4277
Scope	Computer Networks and Communications Electrical and Electronic Engineering

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