How to format your references using the Optical Switching and Networking citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Optical Switching and Networking. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

B. Alberts, The breakthroughs of 2012, Science 338 (2012) 1511.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

P. Cermeño, P.G. Falkowski, Controls on diatom biogeography in the ocean, Science 325 (2009) 1539–1541.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Y. Chen, J.J. Emerson, T.M. Martin, Evolutionary genomics: codon volatility does not detect selection, Nature 433 (2005) E6-7; discussion E7-8.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

Z. Zhuang, J.M. Frerich, K. Huntoon, C. Yang, M.J. Merrill, Z. Abdullaev, S.D. Pack, S.B. Shively, G. Stamp, R.R. Lonser, Tumor derived vasculogenesis in von Hippel-Lindau disease-associated tumors, Sci. Rep. 4 (2014) 4102.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

R.D. Blevins, Formulas for Dynamics, Acoustics and Vibration, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK, 2015.

An edited book

[1]

R.X. Gao, Wavelets: Theory and Applications for Manufacturing, Springer US, Boston, MA, 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

T. Cantz, A.D. Sharma, M.P. Manns, M. Ott, Liver, in: G. Steinhoff (Ed.), Regenerative Medicine - from Protocol to Patient: 5. Regenerative Therapies II, Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2016: pp. 145–177.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Optical Switching and Networking.

Blog post

[1]

K. Hamilton, Amazing Video Of Earth From Space, Set To A Pink Floyd Soundtrack, IFLScience (2015). https://www.iflscience.com/space/view-earth-space-set-pink-floyd-soundtrack/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, School Lunch Program: Role and Impacts of Private Food Service Companies, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1996.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

C. Lara, Bullying victimization among adolescent students: A qualitative study, Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

S. Kishkovsky, Dmitri Dudko, 82, Foe of Stalin Who Recanted and Praised Him, New York Times (2004) C14.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Optical Switching and Networking
Abbreviation	Opt. Switch. Netw.
ISSN (print)	1573-4277
Scope	Computer Networks and Communications Electrical and Electronic Engineering