How to format your references using the Optical Switching and Networking citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Optical Switching and Networking. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

R.L. Chazdon, Beyond deforestation: restoring forests and ecosystem services on degraded lands, Science 320 (2008) 1458–1460.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

K. Adamala, J.W. Szostak, Nonenzymatic template-directed RNA synthesis inside model protocells, Science 342 (2013) 1098–1100.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

B. Pan, Y. Xiong, T.A. Steitz, How the CCA-adding enzyme selects adenine over cytosine at position 76 of tRNA, Science 330 (2010) 937–940.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

J.K. Holt, H.G. Park, Y. Wang, M. Stadermann, A.B. Artyukhin, C.P. Grigoropoulos, A. Noy, O. Bakajin, Fast mass transport through sub-2-nanometer carbon nanotubes, Science 312 (2006) 1034–1037.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

R.S. Mazze, E.S. Strock, G.D. Simonson, R.M. Bergenstal, Staged Diabetes Management, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK, 2006.

An edited book

[1]

R. Antes, B. Hansjürgens, P. Letmathe, S. Pickl, eds., Emissions Trading: Institutional Design, Decision Making and Corporate Strategies, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

A. Yarden, S.P. Norris, L.M. Phillips, Creating and Using Adapted Primary Literature, in: S.P. Norris, L.M. Phillips (Eds.), Adapted Primary Literature: The Use of Authentic Scientific Texts in Secondary Schools, Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, 2015: pp. 83–108.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Optical Switching and Networking.

Blog post

[1]

S. Luntz, Researchers Make Self-Moving Alcohol Droplets, IFLScience (2014). https://www.iflscience.com/chemistry/researchers-make-self-moving-alcohol-droplets/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Teenage Drug Use: Uncertain Linkages With Either Pregnancy or School Dropout, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1991.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

T. Caraballo-Cole, Mindfulness-based mental health services for single mothers: A grant proposal, Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

J. Koblin, Some Live Colbert Shows Planned After Debates, New York Times (2016) C3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Optical Switching and Networking
Abbreviation	Opt. Switch. Netw.
ISSN (print)	1573-4277
Scope	Computer Networks and Communications Electrical and Electronic Engineering