How to format your references using the Optical Switching and Networking citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Optical Switching and Networking. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

K. Gammon, Mathematical modelling: Forecasting cancer, Nature. 491 (2012) S66-7.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

S. Helms Cahan, L. Keller, Complex hybrid origin of genetic caste determination in harvester ants, Nature. 424 (2003) 306–309.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

S. Allesina, D. Alonso, M. Pascual, A general model for food web structure, Science. 320 (2008) 658–661.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

J.D. Crall, C.M. Switzer, R.L. Oppenheimer, A.N. Ford Versypt, B. Dey, A. Brown, M. Eyster, C. Guérin, N.E. Pierce, S.A. Combes, B.L. de Bivort, Neonicotinoid exposure disrupts bumblebee nest behavior, social networks, and thermoregulation, Science. 362 (2018) 683–686.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

J.A. Stratton, Electromagnetic Theory, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2015.

An edited book

[1]

B. Berg, Plant Litter: Decomposition, Humus Formation, Carbon Sequestration, 3rd ed. 2014, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

A. Jhumka, S. Kulkarni, On the Design of Mobility-Tolerant TDMA-Based Media Access Control (MAC) Protocol for Mobile Sensor Networks, in: T. Janowski, H. Mohanty (Eds.), Distributed Computing and Internet Technology: 4th International Conference, ICDCIT 2007, Bangalore, India, December 17-20. Proceedings, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2007: pp. 42–53.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Optical Switching and Networking.

Blog post

[1]

E. Andrew, Crow Brains Reveal Secrets of Their Intelligence, IFLScience. (2013). https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/crow-brains-reveal-secrets-their-intelligence/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Aviation Security: DHS Has Made Progress in Securing the Commercial Aviation System, but Key Challenges Remain, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2007.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

K. Meijer, Let the Gods Dance: Transformation Through Haitian Dance, Doctoral dissertation, Pacifica Graduate Institute, 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

M.D. Shear, A. Smale, Foreign Leaders Lament U.S. Withdrawal, but Say It Won’t Stop Climate Effort, New York Times. (2017) A9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Optical Switching and Networking
Abbreviation	Opt. Switch. Netw.
ISSN (print)	1573-4277
Scope	Computer Networks and Communications Electrical and Electronic Engineering