How to format your references using the Optical Nanoscopy citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Optical Nanoscopy. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Sutherland WJ (2005) The best solution. Nature 435:569

A journal article with 2 authors

Claustre H, Maritorena S (2003) Ocean science. The many shades of ocean blue. Science 302:1514–1515

A journal article with 3 authors

White N, Thompson M, Barwise T (2003) Understanding the thermal evolution of deep-water continental margins. Nature 426:334–343

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Patolsky F, Timko BP, Yu G, et al (2006) Detection, stimulation, and inhibition of neuronal signals with high-density nanowire transistor arrays. Science 313:1100–1104

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Beach D (1996) The Responsible Conduct of Research. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, FRG

An edited book

Urban P, Caplan LR (eds) (2011) Brainstem Disorders. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Caccavale F, Iamarino M, Pierri F, Tufano V (2011) Model-based Control. In: Iamarino M, Pierri F, Tufano V (eds) Control and Monitoring of Chemical Batch Reactors. Springer, London, pp 89–120

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Optical Nanoscopy.

Blog post

Fang J (2014) New Laser-Like Beams Take 250x Less Power to Make. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/technology/new-laser-beams-take-250x-less-power-make/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1998) Food Assistance: Computerized Information Matching Could Reduce Fraud and Abuse in the Food Stamp Program. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Negussie H (2014) Integration of indigenous knowledge and cultural practices in early childhood care and education programs in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: An exploratory case study. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Park LS (2015) Look on the Bright Side. New York Times BR18

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Sutherland 2005).
This sentence cites two references (Claustre and Maritorena 2003; Sutherland 2005).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Claustre and Maritorena 2003)
Three or more authors: (Patolsky et al. 2006)

About the journal

Full journal title	Optical Nanoscopy
Abbreviation	Opt. Nanoscopy
ISSN (online)	2192-2853
Scope	Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics