How to format your references using the Optical Nanoscopy citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Optical Nanoscopy. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Downward J (2001) The ins and outs of signalling. Nature 411:759–762

A journal article with 2 authors

Gratzer W, Nathan DG (2005) Obituary: Fred S. Rosen (1930-2005). Nature 435:1044

A journal article with 3 authors

Kohli RM, Walsh CT, Burkart MD (2002) Biomimetic synthesis and optimization of cyclic peptide antibiotics. Nature 418:658–661

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Chin AI, Dempsey PW, Bruhn K, et al (2002) Involvement of receptor-interacting protein 2 in innate and adaptive immune responses. Nature 416:190–194

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Buckel W, Kleiner R (2012) Supraleitung. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, Germany

An edited book

Pokorski M (ed) (2015) Respiratory Carcinogenesis. Springer International Publishing, Cham

A chapter in an edited book

Hoffmann T (2014) Human Rights, Human Dignity, and the Human Life Form. In: Albers M, Hoffmann T, Reinhardt J (eds) Human Rights and Human Nature. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp 43–56

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Optical Nanoscopy.

Blog post

Hale T (2016) Enormous Green Meteor Caught On Camera Above California. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1980) Review of Selected Computer System Procurements. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Escobedo K (2017) Sana Mente Center. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Feeney K (2006) Cider, From Doughnuts to Hot Dogs. New York Times NJ6

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Downward 2001).
This sentence cites two references (Downward 2001; Gratzer and Nathan 2005).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Gratzer and Nathan 2005)
Three or more authors: (Chin et al. 2002)

About the journal

Full journal title	Optical Nanoscopy
Abbreviation	Opt. Nanoscopy
ISSN (online)	2192-2853
Scope	Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics