How to format your references using the Ophthalmology and Therapy citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Ophthalmology and Therapy. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Hauser MD. The possibility of impossible cultures. Nature. 2009;460:190–6.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Druckman JN, Lupia A. Social science. Experimenting with politics. Science. 2012;335:1177–9.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. O’Nions K, Pitman R, Marsh C. Science of nuclear warheads. Nature. 2002;415:853–7.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Boström KJ, de Lussanet MHE, Weiss T, Puta C, Wagner H. A computational model unifies apparently contradictory findings concerning phantom pain. Sci Rep. 2014;4:5298.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Liphard KG. Labormanagement. D-69451 Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH; 2014.

An edited book

1. Berger TW. Brain-Computer Interfaces: An International Assessment of Research and Development Trends. Chapin JK, Gerhardt GA, McFarland DJ, Principe JC, Soussou WV, Taylor DM, et al., editors. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2008.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Nava S, Fanfulla F. Le interfacce per NIV. In: Fanfulla F, editor. Ventilazione meccanica non invasiva: Come, quando e perché. Milano: Springer; 2010. p. 15–9.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Ophthalmology and Therapy.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. New Anti-Prion Compound Provides New Hope For Treating Brain-Wasting Disease [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/new-anti-prions-compound-provide-new-hope-treating-brain-wasting-disease/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Contract Award Practices: Metropolitan Washington Airports Authority Generally Observes Competitive Principles. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1993 Feb. Report No.: RCED-93-63.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Goldberg AL. The Seriously Ill Patient’s Broken Care Continuum: One Community’s Action Response [Doctoral dissertation]. [Minneapolis, MN]: Capella University; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Aikins M. Reading the Wreckage. New York Times. 2016 May 17;MM37.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Ophthalmology and Therapy
Abbreviation	Ophthalmol. Ther.
ISSN (print)	2193-8245
ISSN (online)	2193-6528
Scope	Ophthalmology