How to format your references using the Ophthalmology and Therapy citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Ophthalmology and Therapy. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Spiegel FW. Evolution. Contemplating the first Plantae. Science. 2012;335:809–10.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Ptashne M, Gann A. Signal transduction. Imposing specificity on kinases. Science. 2003;299:1025–7.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Montaño SP, Pigli YZ, Rice PA. The μ transpososome structure sheds light on DDE recombinase evolution. Nature. 2012;491:413–7.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Brandon AD, Humayun M, Puchtel IS, Leya I, Zolensky M. Osmium isotope evidence for an s-process carrier in primitive chondrites. Science. 2005;309:1233–6.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Willis DO. Business Basics for Dentists. West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2013.

An edited book

1. Lioy J, Sobol SE, editors. Disorders of the Neonatal Airway: Fundamentals for Practice. New York, NY: Springer; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Komatsu T. Geomorphic Features of the Eastern Pamirs, with a Focus on the Occurrence of Intermontane Basins. In: Kreutzmann H, Watanabe T, editors. Mapping Transition in the Pamirs: Changing Human-Environmental Landscapes. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016. p. 55–68.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Ophthalmology and Therapy.

Blog post

1. Fang J. Non-Human DNA Discovered During Biopsy Of Ötzi The Iceman [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/non-human-dna-discovered-during-biopsy-ötzi-iceman/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Telecommunications: Broadband Deployment Plan Should Include Performance Goals and Measures to Guide Federal Investment. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2009 May. Report No.: GAO-09-494.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Moore KC. Coping strategies for adolescents whose parents have cancer: A curriculum [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Murphy MJO. For Giddyup, Give a Horse a Holiday. New York Times. 2010 Apr 18;WK2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Ophthalmology and Therapy
Abbreviation	Ophthalmol. Ther.
ISSN (print)	2193-8245
ISSN (online)	2193-6528
Scope	Ophthalmology