How to format your references using the Ophthalmology and Therapy citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Ophthalmology and Therapy. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Smaglik P. The philanthropic principle. Nature. 2004;431:719.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Nix P, Bastiani M. Neuroscience. Heterochronic genes turn back the clock in old neurons. Science. 2013;340:282–3.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Karlsson MP, Tervo DGR, Karpova AY. Network resets in medial prefrontal cortex mark the onset of behavioral uncertainty. Science. 2012;338:135–9.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Li M, Brooks CL, Wu-Baer F, Chen D, Baer R, Gu W. Mono- versus polyubiquitination: differential control of p53 fate by Mdm2. Science. 2003;302:1972–5.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Lui SH. Numerical Analysis of Partial Differential Equations. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2011.

An edited book

1. Rao KR. Psychology in the Indian Tradition. 1st ed. 2016. Paranjpe AC, editor. New Delhi: Springer India; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Girtz K, Mullins B, Rice M, Lopez J. Practical Application Layer Emulation in Industrial Control System Honeypots. In: Rice M, Shenoi S, editors. Critical Infrastructure Protection X: 10th IFIP WG 1110 International Conference, ICCIP 2016, Arlington, VA, USA, March 14-16, 2016, Revised Selected Papers. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016. p. 83–98.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Ophthalmology and Therapy.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. Daylight Savings Is Linked To Injuries And Heart Attacks, Is It Time To Scrap It? [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/daylight-savings-linked-injuries-and-heart-attacks-it-time-scrap-it/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Federal Research: Lessons Learned from the Pilot Technology Access Program. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1995 Sep. Report No.: RCED-95-212.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Sundell M. From fine art to fashion: Man Ray’s ambivalent avant-garde [Doctoral dissertation]. [New York, NY]: Columbia University; 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Walsh MW. Deal Is Said to Be Close in Detroit’s Bankruptcy. New York Times. 2014 Oct 15;A26.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Ophthalmology and Therapy
Abbreviation	Ophthalmol. Ther.
ISSN (print)	2193-8245
ISSN (online)	2193-6528
Scope	Ophthalmology