How to format your references using the Ophthalmologica Extra citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Ophthalmologica Extra. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Featherstone D. Journal club. A neuroscientist argues for a broader approach to brain mapping. Nature. 2009 Apr;458(7241):949.

A journal article with 2 authors

Audétat A, Keppler H. Viscosity of fluids in subduction zones. Science. 2004 Jan;303(5657):513–6.

A journal article with 3 authors

Grenier MB, McDonald DB, Buskirk SW. Rapid population growth of a critically endangered carnivore. Science. 2007 Aug;317(5839):779.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Eden S, Rohatgi R, Podtelejnikov AV, Mann M, Kirschner MW. Mechanism of regulation of WAVE1-induced actin nucleation by Rac1 and Nck. Nature. 2002 Aug;418(6899):790–3.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Fernandes R. Local and Regional Flaps in Head & Neck Reconstruction. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2014.

An edited book

Bonato A, Mitzenmacher M, Prałat P, editors. Algorithms and Models for the Web Graph: 10th International Workshop, WAW 2013, Cambridge, MA, USA, December 14-15, 2013, Proceedings. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

Vittal V, Ma F. A Hybrid Dynamic Equivalent Using ANN-Based Boundary Matching Technique. In: Chow JH, editor. Power System Coherency and Model Reduction. New York, NY: Springer; 2013; pp 91–118.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Ophthalmologica Extra.

Blog post

Andrew E. Scientists Find “Reset” Button For The Body Clock [Internet]. IFLScience. 2015 Apr [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/brain/scientists-reveal-how-our-body-clocks-reset/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Consistent Criteria Are Needed To Assess Small-Business Innovation Initiatives. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1981.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Ulaganathan MN. Building a volunteered geographic information system (VGIS): A mobile application for disaster management. 2016

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Brantley B. An Everyman in Crisis. New York Times. 2017 Feb;C1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Ophthalmologica Extra
ISSN (online)	2296-1445
Scope