How to format your references using the Ophthalmologica Extra citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Ophthalmologica Extra. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Petroff Y. Physics. The electronic structure of liquid lead. Science. 2004 Dec;306(5705):2200–1.

A journal article with 2 authors

Bellwood DR, Hughes TP. Regional-scale assembly rules and biodiversity of coral reefs. Science. 2001 May;292(5521):1532–5.

A journal article with 3 authors

Schoemaker HE, Mink D, Wubbolts MG. Dispelling the myths--biocatalysis in industrial synthesis. Science. 2003 Mar;299(5613):1694–7.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Ohtomo A, Muller DA, Grazul JL, Hwang HY. Artificial charge-modulationin atomic-scale perovskite titanate superlattices. Nature. 2002 Sep;419(6905):378–80.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Sofronas A. Case Histories in Vibration Analysis and Metal Fatigue for the Practicing Engineer. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2012.

An edited book

Cuppens-Boulahia N, Cuppens F, Jajodia S, Abou El Kalam A, Sans T, editors. ICT Systems Security and Privacy Protection: 29th IFIP TC 11 International Conference, SEC 2014, Marrakech, Morocco, June 2-4, 2014. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

Jamart A-C. Chapter 3 Internet Freedom and the Constitutionalization of Internet Governance. In: Radu R, Chenou J-M, Weber RH, editors. The Evolution of Global Internet Governance: Principles and Policies in the Making. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2014; pp 57–76.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Ophthalmologica Extra.

Blog post

O`Callaghan J. This Is How SpaceX Plans To Land On Mars [Internet]. IFLScience. 2015 Sep [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/space/how-spacex-plans-land-mars/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service: Pseudorabies in Swine and Payment of Indemnity. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1999.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Stanford V. Finding theatre from within: Augusto Boal’s Games for Non-Actors in an Introduction to Acting class. 2016

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly F. MEMORIAL MUSEUM TO HONOR STATE POLICE. New York Times. 1985 Oct;11NJ6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Ophthalmologica Extra
ISSN (online)	2296-1445
Scope