How to format your references using the Ophthalmologica Extra citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Ophthalmologica Extra. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Stambolic V. Cancer: Precise control of localized signals. Nature. 2015 Jun;522(7554):38–40.

A journal article with 2 authors

Labouriau R, Amorim A. Comment on “An association between the kinship and fertility of human couples.” Science. 2008 Dec;322(5908):1634; author reply 1634.

A journal article with 3 authors

Villegas P, Moretti P, Muñoz MA. Frustrated hierarchical synchronization and emergent complexity in the human connectome network. Sci Rep. 2014 Aug;4:5990.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Thomson NH, Santos S, Mitchenall LA, Stuchinskaya T, Taylor JA, Maxwell A. DNA G-segment bending is not the sole determinant of topology simplification by type II DNA topoisomerases. Sci Rep. 2014 Aug;4:6158.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Arboleda H, Royer J-C. Model-Driven and Software Product Line Engineering. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2012.

An edited book

Köhn D, editor. Microfinance 3.0: Reconciling Sustainability with Social Outreach and Responsible Delivery. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

Nishida N, Vidal G. A Finite Representation of the Narrowing Space. In: Gupta G, Peña R, editors. Logic-Based Program Synthesis and Transformation: 23rd International Symposium, LOPSTR 2013, Madrid, Spain, September 18-19, 2013, Revised Selected Papers. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2014; pp 54–71.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Ophthalmologica Extra.

Blog post

Andrew E. Bacteria Can Take Up Ancient DNA [Internet]. IFLScience. 2013 Nov

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Job Corps: Better Targeted Career Training and Improved Preenrollment Information Could Enhance Female Residential Student Recruitment and Retention. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2009.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Kreisel M. Gabor frames for quasicrystals and K-theory. 2015

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Sophia Kishkovsky; Compiled by. Contemporary Art Prize Is Awarded In Russia. New York Times. 2009 Dec;C2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Ophthalmologica Extra
ISSN (online)	2296-1445
Scope