How to format your references using the Ophthalmologica citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Ophthalmologica. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Frei H. Chemistry. Selective hydrocarbon oxidation in zeolites. Science. 2006 Jul;313(5785):309–10.

A journal article with 2 authors

Wasan DT, Nikolov AD. Spreading of nanofluids on solids. Nature. 2003 May;423(6936):156–9.

A journal article with 3 authors

García-Ruiz JM, Melero-García E, Hyde ST. Morphogenesis of self-assembled nanocrystalline materials of barium carbonate and silica. Science. 2009 Jan;323(5912):362–5.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Wu Z-H, Shi Y, Tibbetts RS, Miyamoto S. Molecular linkage between the kinase ATM and NF-kappaB signaling in response to genotoxic stimuli. Science. 2006 Feb;311(5764):1141–6.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Chadha R, Kant L. Policy-Driven Mobile Ad hoc Network Management. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2007.

An edited book

Kao M-Y, Li X-Y, editors. Algorithmic Aspects in Information and Management: Third International Conference, AAIM 2007, Portland, OR, USA, June 6-8, 2007. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2007.

A chapter in an edited book

Ma D, Bondade R. Reconfigurable Switched-Capacitor Power Converters. In: Bondade R, editor. Reconfigurable Switched-Capacitor Power Converters: Principles and Designs for Self-Powered Microsystems. New York, NY: Springer; 2013; pp 71–110.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Ophthalmologica.

Blog post

Andrew E. The Future Of Aviation Fuel Could Be Sweet [Internet]. IFLScience. 2015 Jun [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/technology/future-aviation-fuel-could-be-sweet/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. High Speed Passenger Rail: Developing Viable High Speed Rail Projects under the Recovery Act and Beyond. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2009.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Kafi W. The effects of patient demographic variables on cesarean section-related surgical site infection rates. 2013

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Neuman W. In Colombia, Two Warring Officials Provide a Portrait of a Nation’s Political Divide. New York Times. 2014 Mar;A6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Ophthalmologica
Abbreviation	Ophthalmologica
ISSN (print)	0030-3755
ISSN (online)	1423-0267
Scope	General Medicine Ophthalmology Sensory Systems