How to format your references using the Ophthalmologica citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Ophthalmologica. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Ploegh H. End the wasteful tyranny of reviewer experiments. Nature. 2011 Apr;472(7344):391.

A journal article with 2 authors

Gascon C, Smith ML. Ecology. Where rivers meet. Science. 2004 Sep;305(5692):1922–3.

A journal article with 3 authors

Aminetzach YT, Macpherson JM, Petrov DA. Pesticide resistance via transposition-mediated adaptive gene truncation in Drosophila. Science. 2005 Jul;309(5735):764–7.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Giannakou ME, Goss M, Jünger MA, Hafen E, Leevers SJ, Partridge L. Long-lived Drosophila with overexpressed dFOXO in adult fat body. Science. 2004 Jul;305(5682):361.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Das SK. Mobile Handset Design. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2010.

An edited book

Elwell CE, Leung TS, Harrison DK, editors. Oxygen Transport to Tissue XXXVII. New York, NY: Springer; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

George M, Campagna M-C, Babber P, Faiz SA. Pulmonary and Airway Emergencies. In: Manzullo EF, Gonzalez CE, Escalante CP, Yeung S-CJ, editors. Oncologic Emergencies. New York, NY: Springer; 2016; pp 93–111.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Ophthalmologica.

Blog post

Andrew E. Hubble’s Ultraviolet Telescope Has Revealed More About The Stars Than We Could Ever See [Internet]. IFLScience. 2015 Apr [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/space/hubble-s-ultraviolet-telescope-has-revealed-more-about-stars-we-could-ever-see/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. NASA Procurement: Approach to Sharing Risk Under Certain Research and Development Contracts Is Starting to Change. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1992.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Keep AW. A nanopass framework for commercial compiler development. 2013

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Billard M. Still Wild For Animal Prints. New York Times. 2010 Aug;E6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Ophthalmologica
Abbreviation	Ophthalmologica
ISSN (print)	0030-3755
ISSN (online)	1423-0267
Scope	General Medicine Ophthalmology Sensory Systems