How to format your references using the Open Heart citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Open Heart. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Turner JA. Chemistry. A nickel finish protects silicon photoanodes for water splitting. Science. 2013;342:811–2.

A journal article with 2 authors

Lerner J, Tirole J. Intellectual property. A better route to tech standards. Science. 2014;343:972–3.

A journal article with 3 authors

Bishop JKB, Davis RE, Sherman JT. Robotic observations of dust storm enhancement of carbon biomass in the North Pacific. Science. 2002;298:817–21.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Bisazza A, Butterworth B, Piffer L, et al. Collective enhancement of numerical acuity by meritocratic leadership in fish. Sci Rep. 2014;4:4560.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Bennett MR, Hacker PMS. History of Cognitive Neuroscience. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd 2012.

An edited book

Licata I. Quantum Potential: Physics, Geometry and Algebra. Cham: Springer International Publishing 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

Lant CL, Lawson MJ. Interactive Whiteboard Use and Student Engagement. In: Orrell J, Curtis DD, eds. Publishing Higher Degree Research: Making the Transition from Student to Researcher. Rotterdam: SensePublishers 2016:33–42.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Open Heart.

Blog post

Andrew E. The Real Reason More Women Don’t Code. IFLScience. 2016. (accessed 30 October 2018)

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Telecommuting: Overview of Challenges Facing Federal Agencies. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office 2001.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Mayo J. Rates and factors associated with child maltreatment recurrence for children from birth to 5 years of age in Ventura County. 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Barron J. For Architect, Making A Calmer Restaurant Was Very Stressful. New York Times. 2017;A21.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Open Heart
Abbreviation	Open Heart
ISSN (online)	2053-3624
Scope	Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine