How to format your references using the Open Heart citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Open Heart. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Pollard TD. The cytoskeleton, cellular motility and the reductionist agenda. Nature. 2003;422:741–5.

A journal article with 2 authors

Cole ST, Alzari PM. Microbiology. TB--a new target, a new drug. Science. 2005;307:214–5.

A journal article with 3 authors

Dubash NK, Fleurbaey M, Kartha S. Climate policy. Political implications of data presentation. Science. 2014;345:36–7.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Kory N, Wyant GA, Prakash G, et al. SFXN1 is a mitochondrial serine transporter required for one-carbon metabolism. Science. 2018;362.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Kwok S. Organic Matter in the Universe. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA 2011.

An edited book

Rosa M. Current and Future Perspectives of Ethnomathematics as a Program. Cham: Springer International Publishing 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

Rozario R, Ortlieb E, Rennie J. Interactivity and Mobile Technologies: An Activity Theory Perspective. In: Churchill D, Lu J, Chiu TKF, et al., eds. Mobile Learning Design: Theories and Application. Singapore: Springer 2016:63–82.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Open Heart.

Blog post

Andrew E. Drinking Coffee Could Help Protect Your DNA From Damage. IFLScience. 2015.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Indoor Pollution: Status of Federal Research Activities. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office 1999.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Wells JP. A case study of educators’ perceptions of the effects of high -stakes testing and accountability policies on high- and low-poverty middle schools in a Maryland school district. 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Pilon M. On Tulsa’s Long-Shot Olympic Pitch, Mayor and Others Say Never Mind. New York Times. 2013;B12.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Open Heart
Abbreviation	Open Heart
ISSN (online)	2053-3624
Scope	Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine