How to format your references using the Online Social Networks and Media citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Online Social Networks and Media. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

G.B. Bonan, Forests and climate change: forcings, feedbacks, and the climate benefits of forests, Science 320 (2008) 1444–1449.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

J.-Y. Lee, S.C. Jameson, Immunology. Remembering to be tolerant, Science 335 (2012) 667–668.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

C. David, N.A. Mortensen, J. Christensen, Perfect imaging, epsilon-near zero phenomena and waveguiding in the scope of nonlocal effects, Sci. Rep. 3 (2013) 2526.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

P.M. Ajayan, J.M. Nugent, R.W. Siegel, B. Wei, P. Kohler-Redlich, Growth of carbon micro-trees, Nature 404 (2000) 243.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

S. Anwar, J.J. Carroll, Carbon Dioxide Thermodynamic Properties Handbook, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2016.

An edited book

[1]

X. Jing, Frequency Domain Analysis and Design of Nonlinear Systems based on Volterra Series Expansion: A Parametric Characteristic Approach, Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

A. Bobrowski, M. Kimmel, Master Equation and Asymptotic Behavior of Its Solutions, in: M. Kimmel (Ed.), An Operator Semigroup in Mathematical Genetics, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2015: pp. 67–83.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Online Social Networks and Media.

Blog post

[1]

E. Andrew, SeaWorld Have Announced That They Are Ending Live Orca Shows, IFLScience (2015). https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/seaworld-finally-ending-killer-whale-shows0/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Reasons for Ending Financial Support to the Dimmitt Independent School District Follow Through Project, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1972.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

R.L. Shipe, Creating productive ambiguity: A visual research narrative, Doctoral dissertation, University of Arizona, 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

N. Schweber, J. Barron, Lining Up for the Final Drops of New Jersey’s Cheaper Gas, New York Times (2016) A19.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Online Social Networks and Media
ISSN (print)	2468-6964
Scope