How to format your references using the Ocean Science Discussions citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Ocean Science Discussions. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Mooijaart, S.: Scientists and societies. Young genomicists get connected, Nature, 429, 226, 2004.

A journal article with 2 authors

Martin, G. M. and Oshima, J.: Lessons from human progeroid syndromes, Nature, 408, 263–266, 2000.

A journal article with 3 authors

Rauzi, M., Lenne, P.-F., and Lecuit, T.: Planar polarized actomyosin contractile flows control epithelial junction remodelling, Nature, 468, 1110–1114, 2010.

A journal article with 100 or more authors

Smith, L. C., Sheng, Y., MacDonald, G. M., and Hinzman, L. D.: Disappearing Arctic lakes, Science, 308, 1429, 2005.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Heimann, R. B.: Classic and Advanced Ceramics, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, Germany, 2010.

An edited book

Nagamalai, D., Kumar, A., and Annamalai, A. (Eds.): Advances in Computational Science, Engineering and Information Technology: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Computational Science, Engineering and Information Technology (CCSEIT-2013), KTO Karatay University, June 7-9, 2013, Konya,Turkey - Volume 1, Springer International Publishing, Heidelberg, XX, 326 p. 135 illus., 13 illus. in color pp., 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

Jaff, L., Hayes, A., and Banic, A. U.: VWSocialLab: Prototype Virtual World (VW) Toolkit for Social and Behavioral Science Experimental Set-Up and Control, in: Virtual Augmented and Mixed Reality. Designing and Developing Augmented and Virtual Environments: 5th International Conference, VAMR 2013, Held as Part of HCI International 2013, Las Vegas, NV, USA, July 21-26, 2013, Proceedings, Part I, edited by: Shumaker, R., Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 39–48, 2013.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Ocean Science Discussions.

Blog post

Scientists Have Measured A Black Hole, And It Has A Mass Of 660 MILLION Suns: https://www.iflscience.com/space/high-precision-measurements-massive-black-hole/, last access: 30 October 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: Highway Bridge Program: Condition of Nation’s Bridges Shows Limited Improvement, but Further Actions Could Enhance the Impact of Federal Investment, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2010.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Dennard, B.: The Impact of Racial Centrality on Authenticity and the Race-Based Impression Management Strategies of Black Management Consultants, Doctoral dissertation, George Washington University, Washington, DC, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Sisario, B.: Organizer Of Festival Is Released On Bail, New York Times, 1st July, A15, 2017.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Mooijaart, 2004).
This sentence cites two references (Martin and Oshima, 2000; Mooijaart, 2004).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Martin and Oshima, 2000)
Three or more authors: (Smith et al., 2005)

About the journal

Full journal title	Ocean Science Discussions
Abbreviation	Ocean Sci. Discuss.
ISSN (online)	1812-0822
Scope	Oceanography Palaeontology