How to format your references using the Ocean Science Discussions citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Ocean Science Discussions. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Polak, T.: Help others--and help your career, Science, 350, 246, 2015.

A journal article with 2 authors

Jakse, N. and Pasturel, A.: Liquid Aluminum: atomic diffusion and viscosity from ab initio molecular dynamics, Sci. Rep., 3, 3135, 2013.

A journal article with 3 authors

Gilman, R. T., Nuismer, S. L., and Jhwueng, D.-C.: Coevolution in multidimensional trait space favours escape from parasites and pathogens, Nature, 483, 328–330, 2012.

A journal article with 100 or more authors

Kolenderski, P., Scarcella, C., Johnsen, K. D., Hamel, D. R., Holloway, C., Shalm, L. K., Tisa, S., Tosi, A., Resch, K. J., and Jennewein, T.: Time-resolved double-slit interference pattern measurement with entangled photons, Sci. Rep., 4, 4685, 2014.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Center for Chemical Process Safety: Guidelines for Safe and Reliable Instrumented Protective Systems, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2007.

An edited book

Kopřiva, J.: Temporal Bone CT and MRI Anatomy: A Guide to 3D Volumetric Acquisitions, edited by: Žižka, J., Springer International Publishing, Cham, XXI, 203 p. 183 illus pp., 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

Nogueira, S., Ruichek, Y., Gechter, F., Koukam, A., and Charpillet, F.: An Artificial-Vision Based Environment Perception System, in: Advances for In-Vehicle and Mobile Systems: Challenges for International Standards, edited by: Abut, H., Hansen, J. H. L., and Takeda, K., Springer US, Boston, MA, 35–46, 2007.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Ocean Science Discussions.

Blog post

Canary In The Gold King Mine: Legacy Of Abandoned Mines Means More Spills: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/canary-gold-king-mine-legacy-abandoned-mines-means-more-spills/, last access: 30 October 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: NORAD’s Information Processing Improvement Program: Will It Enhance Mission Capability?, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1978.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Wansapura, A. N.: The role of alpha sodium,potassium-ATPase isoforms in mediating cardiac hypertrophy in response to endogenous cardiotonic steroids, Doctoral dissertation, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly, D.: Sex and Drugs and Mick and Keith, New York Times, 16th October, 737, 1994.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Polak, 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Jakse and Pasturel, 2013; Polak, 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Jakse and Pasturel, 2013)
Three or more authors: (Kolenderski et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Ocean Science Discussions
Abbreviation	Ocean Sci. Discuss.
ISSN (online)	1812-0822
Scope	Oceanography Palaeontology