How to format your references using the Occupational and Environmental Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Occupational and Environmental Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Gordon RG. Plate tectonics. The Antarctic connection. Nature. 2000;404:139–40.

A journal article with 2 authors

Dawson RJP, Locher KP. Structure of a bacterial multidrug ABC transporter. Nature. 2006;443:180–5.

A journal article with 3 authors

Han Y, Bai T, Liu W. Controlled heterogeneous stem cell differentiation on a shape memory hydrogel surface. Sci Rep. 2014;4:5815.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Zappacosta DC, Ochogavía AC, Rodrigo JM, et al. Increased apomixis expression concurrent with genetic and epigenetic variation in a newly synthesized Eragrostis curvula polyploid. Sci Rep. 2014;4:4423.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Brunet R. Sustainable Geography. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2013.

An edited book

Songstad DD, Hatfield JL, Tomes DT, editors. Convergence of Food Security, Energy Security and Sustainable Agriculture. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

Tresadern P, Cootes T, Taylor C, et al. Face Alignment Models. In: Li SZ, Jain AK, eds. Handbook of Face Recognition. London: Springer 2011:109–35.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Occupational and Environmental Medicine.

Blog post

Andrew E. The Number Of Chimpanzees Used In Biomedical Research Is Declining. IFLScience. 2015. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/number-chimpanzees-used-biomedical-research-declining/ (accessed 30 October 2018)

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Space Data: NASA’s Future Data Volumes Create Formidable Challenges. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office 1991.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Daczo Z. Wage inequality and the gender wage gap: Are American women swimming upstream? 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Gordon MR. Defense Secretary Says He Didn’t Contradict President. New York Times. 2017;A8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Occupational and Environmental Medicine
Abbreviation	Occup. Environ. Med.
ISSN (print)	1351-0711
ISSN (online)	1470-7926
Scope	Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health