How to format your references using the Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Fisher CB. Public health. Clinical trials results databases: unanswered questions. Science 2006;311:180–1.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Ettema TJG, Andersson SGE. Comment on “A 3-hydroxypropionate/4-hydroxybutyrate autotrophic carbon dioxide assimilation pathway in Archaea.” Science 2008;321:342; author reply 342.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Simiyu K, Daar AS, Singer PA. Global health. Stagnant health technologies in Africa. Science 2010;330:1483–4.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Choe K-M, Werner T, Stöven S, Hultmark D, Anderson KV. Requirement for a peptidoglycan recognition protein (PGRP) in Relish activation and antibacterial immune responses in Drosophila. Science 2002;296:359–62.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Hahn A, Behle B, Lischewski D, Rein W. Produktionstechnische Praxis. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; 2002.

An edited book

[1]

Lai CG, Wilmański K, editors. Surface Waves in Geomechanics: Direct and Inverse Modelling for Soils and Rocks. vol. 481. Vienna: Springer; 2005.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Kleppisch T. Phosphodiesterases in the Central Nervous System. In: Schmidt HHHW, Hofmann F, Stasch J-P, editors. cGMP: Generators, Effectors and Therapeutic Implications, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2009, p. 71–92.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases.

Blog post

[1]

O`Callaghan J. The World’s Most Sensitive Search For Dark Matter Is Up And Running. IFLScience 2017. https://www.iflscience.com/space/the-worlds-most-sensitive-search-for-dark-matter-is-up-and-running/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Procedures and Policies of the Energy Research and Development Administration. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1976.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Minick V. Educators’ Beliefs About and Approaches to the Evaluation of Student Writing. Doctoral dissertation. University of South Florida, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

McKINLEY JC Jr, Alani H. Man Who Pushed Passenger Who Died on Subway Tracks Is Acquitted. New York Times 2017:A19.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases
Abbreviation	Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis.
ISSN (print)	0939-4753
Scope	Medicine (miscellaneous) Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Nutrition and Dietetics