How to format your references using the Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Chi KR. Masculinity: Men’s makeover. Nature. 2015;526:S12-3.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Gillespie RG, Roderick GK. Evolution: Geology and climate drive diversification. Nature. 2014;509:297–8.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Luo J, Shen L, Zheng D. Association between vitamin C intake and lung cancer: a dose-response meta-analysis. Sci Rep. 2014;4:6161.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Spilker JS, Aravena M, Béthermin M, Chapman SC, Chen C-C, Cunningham DJM, et al. Fast molecular outflow from a dusty star-forming galaxy in the early Universe. Science. 2018;361:1016–9.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Chadha R, Kant L. Policy-Driven Mobile Ad hoc Network Management. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2007.

An edited book

1. Pombo O, Torres JM, Symons J, Rahman S, editors. Special Sciences and the Unity of Science. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Aizpurua J, Hillenbrand R. Localized Surface Plasmons: Basics and Applications in Field-Enhanced Spectroscopy. In: Enoch S, Bonod N, editors. Plasmonics: From Basics to Advanced Topics. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2012. p. 151–76.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging.

Blog post

1. Carpineti A. Earth’s Day Will Be One Minute Longer In 6.7 Million Years [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/earths-day-will-be-one-minute-longer-in-6-million-years/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. ADP Acquisition: Army Civilian Personnel System. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1989 Mar. Report No.: IMTEC-89-22FS.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Mueller K. Biases in the Selection Process Against Applicants with Tattoos [Doctoral dissertation]. [Edwardsville, IL]: Southern Illinois University; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Greenhouse L. Court to Hear Challenge From Muslims Held After 9/11. New York Times. 2008 Jun 17;A16.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
Abbreviation	Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging (2010)
ISSN (print)	1869-3474
ISSN (online)	1869-3482
Scope	Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging