How to format your references using the Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Lengauer C. Cancer. An unstable liaison. Science. 2003;300:442–3.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Lybarger SR, Sandkvist M. Microbiology. A hitchhiker’s guide to type IV secretion. Science. 2004;304:1122–3.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Duan LM, Cirac JI, Zoller P. Geometric manipulation of trapped ions for quantum computation. Science. 2001;292:1695–7.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Maity G, Mehta S, Haque I, Dhar K, Sarkar S, Banerjee SK, et al. Pancreatic tumor cell secreted CCN1/Cyr61 promotes endothelial cell migration and aberrant neovascularization. Sci Rep. 2014;4:4995.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Lev B, Gu F. The End of Accounting and the Path Forward for Investors and Managers. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2016.

An edited book

1. Howe R, Hunziker M, Willenbring JF, editors. Symmetry: Representation Theory and Its Applications: In Honor of Nolan R. Wallach. New York, NY: Springer; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Vacchi E, Cazzola W, Pillay S, Combemale B. Variability Support in Domain-Specific Language Development. In: Erwig M, Paige RF, Wyk EV, editors. Software Language Engineering: 6th International Conference, SLE 2013, Indianapolis, IN, USA, October 26-28, 2013 Proceedings. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2013. p. 76–95.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging.

Blog post

1. Davis J. Researchers Create A Stable Organism Containing Synthetic DNA That Can Replicate Indefinitely [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2017 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/researchers-create-a-stable-organism-containing-synthetic-dna-that-can-replicate-indefinitely/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Telecommunications: 1991 Survey of Cable Television Rates and Services. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1991 Jul. Report No.: RCED-91-195.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Yao D. In situ activity of NAC11-7 roseobacters in coastal waters off the Chesapeake Bay based on ftsZ expression [Doctoral dissertation]. [College Park, MD]: University of Maryland, College Park; 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Koblin J. HBO Renews 3 Series. New York Times. 2016 Nov 14;C3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
Abbreviation	Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging (2010)
ISSN (print)	1869-3474
ISSN (online)	1869-3482
Scope	Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging