How to format your references using the NPG Asia Materials citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for NPG Asia Materials. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Sharon, E. Materials science. Swell approaches for changing polymer shapes. Science 335, 1179–1180 (2012).

A journal article with 2 authors

Begley, C. G. & Ellis, L. M. Drug development: Raise standards for preclinical cancer research. Nature 483, 531–533 (2012).

A journal article with 3 authors

Cohen, I. G., Savulescu, J. & Adashi, E. Y. Medicine. Transatlantic lessons in regulation of mitochondrial replacement therapy. Science 348, 178–180 (2015).

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Manzanares, M., Wada, H., Itasaki, N., Trainor, P. A., Krumlauf, R. & Holland, P. W. Conservation and elaboration of Hox gene regulation during evolution of the vertebrate head. Nature 408, 854–857 (2000).

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Bliesner, D. M. Establishing a CGMP Laboratory Audit System. (John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2006).

An edited book

Rough Sets and Knowledge Technology: 8th International Conference, RSKT 2013, Halifax, NS, Canada, October 11-14, 2013, Proceedings. 8171, (Springer, 2013).

A chapter in an edited book

Kinfe, T. M. & Vesper, J. in Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (eds. Nikkhah, G. & Pinsker, M.) 27–33 (Springer, 2013).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for NPG Asia Materials.

Blog post

Luntz, S. Arctic Seabeds A Growing Carbon Sink. IFLScience (2015). at <https://www.iflscience.com/environment/arctic-seabeds-growing-carbon-sink/>

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Vocational Education: Status in 2-Year Colleges in 1990-91 and Early Signs of Change. (U.S. Government Printing Office, 1993).

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Bigler, W. H. Increased substance abuse treatment for adolescents. (2010).

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Murphy, M. J. O. Weary of War and Ready to Laugh. New York Times C32 (2014).

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	NPG Asia Materials
Abbreviation	NPG Asia Mater.
ISSN (print)	1884-4049
ISSN (online)	1884-4057
Scope	General Materials Science Modelling and Simulation Condensed Matter Physics